AS FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION ON JANUARY 15, 1997
REGISTRATION NO. 333-17401
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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
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AMENDMENT NO. 1
TO
FORM S-2
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
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AMERIGON INCORPORATED
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
CALIFORNIA 95-4318554
(State or Other Jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer Identification
Incorporation or Organization) Number)
404 EAST HUNTINGTON DRIVE
MONROVIA, CALIFORNIA 91016
(818) 932-1200
(Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of
Registrant's Principal Executive Offices)
LON E. BELL, PH.D.
PRESIDENT
AMERIGON INCORPORATED
404 EAST HUNTINGTON DRIVE
MONROVIA, CALIFORNIA 91016
(818) 932-1200
(Name, Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code,
of Agent For Service)
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COPIES OF COMMUNICATIONS TO:
D. STEPHEN ANTION, ESQ. SHELDON E. MISHER, ESQ.
O'MELVENY & MYERS LLP BACHNER, TALLY, POLEVOY & MISHER LLP
400 SOUTH HOPE STREET, 15TH FLOOR 380 MADISON AVENUE, 18TH FLOOR
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 90071-2899 NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10017
(213) 669-6000 (212) 687-7000
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APPROXIMATE DATE OF COMMENCEMENT OF PROPOSED SALE TO THE PUBLIC:
As soon as practicable after the Registration Statement becomes effective.
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If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on
a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of
1933, check the following box. / /
If the registrant elects to deliver its latest joint annual report to
security holders, or a complete and legible facsimile thereof, pursuant to Item
11(a)(1) of this form, check the following box. / /
If this form is filed to register additional securities for an offering
pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box
and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier
effective registration statement for the same offering. / /
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If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c)
under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act
registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement
for the same offering. / /
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If delivery of the prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to Rule 434,
please check the following box. / /
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THE REGISTRANT HEREBY AMENDS THIS REGISTRATION STATEMENT ON SUCH DATE OR
DATES AS MAY BE NECESSARY TO DELAY ITS EFFECTIVE DATE UNTIL THE REGISTRANT SHALL
FILE A FURTHER AMENDMENT WHICH SPECIFICALLY STATES THAT THIS REGISTRATION
STATEMENT SHALL THEREAFTER BECOME EFFECTIVE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION 8(a) OF
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 OR UNTIL THIS REGISTRATION STATEMENT SHALL BECOME
EFFECTIVE ON SUCH DATE AS THE COMMISSION, ACTING PURSUANT TO SAID SECTION 8(a),
MAY DETERMINE.
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SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED JANUARY 15, 1997
INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS SUBJECT TO COMPLETION OR AMENDMENT. A
REGISTRATION STATEMENT RELATING TO THESE SECURITIES HAS BEEN FILED WITH THE
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION. THESE SECURITIES MAY NOT BE SOLD NOR MAY
OFFERS TO BUY BE ACCEPTED PRIOR TO THE TIME THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT BECOMES
EFFECTIVE. THIS PROSPECTUS SHALL NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO SELL OR THE
SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY NOR SHALL THERE BE ANY SALE OF THESE SECURITIES
IN ANY STATE IN WHICH SUCH OFFER, SOLICITATION OR SALE WOULD BE UNLAWFUL PRIOR
TO REGISTRATION OR QUALIFICATION UNDER THE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY SUCH STATE.
PROSPECTUS
AMERIGON INCORPORATED
15,000 UNITS
EACH CONSISTING OF 280 SHARES OF CLASS A COMMON STOCK
AND 280 CLASS A WARRANTS
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Each unit ("Unit") hereby offered (the "Offering") by AMERIGON INCORPORATED,
a California corporation (the "Company"), consists of 280 shares of the
Company's Class A Common Stock, no par value per share ("Class A Common Stock"),
and 280 warrants to purchase shares of Class A Common Stock (the "Class A
Warrants"). The components of the Units will be separately transferable upon
issuance. Each Class A Warrant entitles the registered holder thereof to
purchase, at any time until the fifth anniversary of the date hereof (the
"Effective Date"), one share of the Company's Class A Common Stock at an
exercise price of 135% of the price per Unit to the public divided by 280,
subject to adjustment. Commencing on the later of one year after the Effective
Date or the date of issuance of the Units, the Company may, upon 30 days'
written notice, redeem each Class A Warrant in exchange for $0.05 per Class A
Warrant, provided that before any such redemption, the closing Bid Price of the
Class A Common Stock as reported by the Nasdaq SmallCap Market or the closing
Bid Price on any national stock exchange (if the Company's Class A Common Stock
is listed thereon) shall have, for 30 consecutive business days ending within 15
days of the date of the notice of redemption, averaged in excess of 175% of the
Class A Warrant exercise price per share (subject to adjustment in the event of
any reverse stock splits or other similar events). See "Description of
Securities."
The Company's Class A Common Stock is traded on the Nasdaq SmallCap Market
under the symbol "ARGNA". Prior to the Offering, there has been no public market
for the Class A Warrants. The Company has applied for inclusion of the Class A
Warrants on the Nasdaq SmallCap Market. It is currently expected that the public
offering price will be between $1,000 and $1,100 per Unit. See "Underwriting."
The last sale price of the Company's Class A Common Stock on January 14, 1997 as
reported by Nasdaq was $5.50 per share. See "Price Range of Common Stock and
Dividends." The Units offered hereby will not be listed separately on Nasdaq.
The exercise price and other terms of the Class A Warrants were determined in
part by negotiation between the Company and D.H. Blair Investment Banking Corp.
(the "Underwriter"), and do not necessarily bear any relationship to the
Company's assets, book value, results of operations, net worth, or any other
recognized criteria of value. FOR INFORMATION CONCERNING A SECURITIES AND
EXCHANGE COMMISSION INVESTIGATION RELATING TO THE UNDERWRITER, SEE "RISK
FACTORS" AND "UNDERWRITING."
The Company has agreed to register subsequent to the Offering for resale
(the "Subsequent Offering") by certain securityholders (the "Selling
Securityholders") 1,620,000 Class A Warrants (the "Selling Securityholder
Warrants") and the Class A Common Stock underlying the Selling Securityholder
Warrants. The Selling Securityholder Warrants and the securities underlying such
warrants are sometimes collectively referred to as the "Selling Securityholder
Securities." The Selling Securityholder Warrants are issuable on the closing of
the Offering to the Selling Securityholders upon the automatic conversion of
convertible subordinated debentures acquired by them in the Company's private
placement completed in October 1996. The Selling Securityholders have agreed not
to sell any of the Selling Securityholder Warrants for at least 90 days after
the closing of the Offering and, for the period expiring 270 days after such
closing, have agreed to certain resale restrictions. See "Shares Eligible for
Future Sale." Sales of the Selling Securityholder Warrants or the underlying
securities, or the potential of such sales, may have an adverse effect on the
market price of the securities offered hereby.
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THE SECURITIES OFFERED HEREBY INVOLVE A HIGH DEGREE OF RISK AND IMMEDIATE
SUBSTANTIAL DILUTION. SEE "RISK FACTORS" BEGINNING ON PAGE 7 AND
"DILUTION" BEGINNING ON PAGE 23.
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THESE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED BY THE SECURITIES AND
EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION, NOR HAS THE SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION PASSED UPON THE
ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE
CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
UNDERWRITING
PRICE TO DISCOUNTS AND PROCEEDS TO
PUBLIC COMMISSIONS (1) COMPANY (2)
Per Unit..................................................... $ $ $
Total (3).................................................... $ $ $
(1) Does not reflect additional compensation to the Underwriter in the form of
(i) a non-accountable expense allowance of $ ($ if the
Over-Allotment Option referred to below is exercised in full); and (ii) an
option (the "Unit Purchase Option") to purchase up to 1,500 Units at 130% of
the price per Unit to the public over a two-year period commencing on the
date that is the third anniversary of the Effective Date. In addition, the
Company has agreed to indemnify the Underwriter against certain civil
liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. See
"Underwriting."
(2) Before deducting estimated expenses of $600,000 and the Underwriter's
non-accountable expense allowance, both of which are payable by the Company.
(3) The Company has granted the Underwriter a 45-day option (the "Over-Allotment
Option") to purchase up to 2,250 additional Units on the same terms and
conditions as set forth above, solely to cover over-allotments, if any. If
the Over-Allotment Option is exercised in full, the total Price to Public,
Underwriting Discounts and Commissions and Proceeds to Company will be
$ , $ , and $ , respectively. See "Underwriting."
The Units are offered by the Underwriter on a "firm commitment" basis when,
as and if delivered to and accepted by the Underwriter, and subject to the
Underwriter's right to reject orders in whole or in part and to certain other
conditions. It is expected that delivery of the certificates representing the
Units will be made at the offices of D.H. Blair Investment Banking Corp., 44
Wall Street, New York, New York 10005, on or about , 1997.
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D.H. BLAIR INVESTMENT BANKING CORP.
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The date of this Prospectus is , 1997.
AMERIGON PICTURE DESCRIPTIONS
INSIDE FRONT COVER
AMERIGON'S RADAR PRODUCT
Top (one photo): [Photo of Amerigon radar sensor circuit board (held in
RADAR SENSOR CIRCUIT BOARD fingers).]
Senses through rubber, plastic and glass panels up to an inch;
User adjustable & sharply defined detection pattern;
Extremely low emission levels (typically 100 mWatts average);
and
Extremely low power (typically 300 mWatts).
Bottom (three illustrations):
Possible applications of Amerigon's radar product
Left: [Overhead view depiction of automobile using radar to detect
presence of/distance from another automobile during parallel
parking maneuver.]
BACK UP AND PARKING RADAR MAY HELP AVOID COLLISIONS AND INJURY
Center: [Overhead view depiction of automobile using radar to detect
presence of/distance from other automobiles in "blind spot."]
LANE-CHANGE RADAR WARNS THE DRIVER OF OBJECTS IN BLIND SPOT
Right: [Overhead view depiction of automobile using radar to detect
presence of/distance from another automobile ahead.]
INTELLIGENT CRUISE CONTROL MAY ALLOW FOR SAFER DRIVING AND HELP
RELIEVE TRAFFIC CONGESTION
INSIDE BACK COVER
AMERIGON'S REVA ELECTRIC VEHICLE
AN AFFORDABLE COMMUTER CAR DESIGNED FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Top (three photos):
Left: [Rear/three-quarters view photo of Amerigon's REVA electric
vehicle.]
Center: [Interior view showing seat, instrument panel, and steering
wheel of Amerigon's REVA electric vehicle.]
Right: [Front/three-quarters view photo of Amerigon's REVA electric
vehicle.]
Bottom (one photo, one illustration):
AMERIGON'S CLIMATE CONTROL SEAT
The first environmentally friendly system that both heats and cools car seats
Left: [Photo of Amerigon Climate Control Seat.]
Right: [Illustration depicting cutaway view of Amerigon Climate
Control Seat, and component parts.]
IN CONNECTION WITH THIS OFFERING, THE UNDERWRITER MAY OVER-ALLOT OR EFFECT
TRANSACTIONS WHICH STABILIZE OR MAINTAIN THE MARKET PRICE OF THE CLASS A COMMON
STOCK OF THE COMPANY AND/OR CLASS A WARRANTS AT LEVELS ABOVE THOSE WHICH MIGHT
OTHERWISE PREVAIL IN THE OPEN MARKET. SUCH TRANSACTIONS MAY BE EFFECTED ON THE
NASDAQ SMALLCAP MARKET OR OTHERWISE. SUCH STABILIZING, IF COMMENCED, MAY BE
DISCONTINUED AT ANY TIME.
IN CONNECTION WITH THIS OFFERING, CERTAIN UNDERWRITERS (AND SELLING GROUP
MEMBERS) MAY ENGAGE IN PASSIVE MARKET MAKING TRANSACTIONS IN THE COMPANY'S CLASS
A COMMON STOCK ON NASDAQ IN ACCORDANCE WITH RULE 10B-6A UNDER THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934. SEE "UNDERWRITING."
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
THE FOLLOWING SUMMARY IS QUALIFIED IN ITS ENTIRETY BY REFERENCE TO, AND
SHOULD BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH, THE MORE DETAILED INFORMATION AND FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (INCLUDING THE NOTES THERETO) APPEARING ELSEWHERE IN THIS PROSPECTUS
OR INCORPORATED HEREIN. INVESTORS SHOULD ALSO CAREFULLY CONSIDER THE INFORMATION
SET FORTH UNDER THE HEADING "RISK FACTORS." UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED, THE
INFORMATION IN THIS PROSPECTUS DOES NOT GIVE EFFECT TO THE RELEASE OF THE ESCROW
SHARES (AS HEREINAFTER DEFINED) OR TO THE EXERCISE OF (I) THE OVER-ALLOTMENT
OPTION, (II) THE CLASS A WARRANTS, (III) THE UNIT PURCHASE OPTION, (IV) OPTIONS
TO PURCHASE SHARES OF CLASS A COMMON STOCK RESERVED FOR ISSUANCE UNDER THE
COMPANY'S 1993 STOCK OPTION PLAN, AS AMENDED, AND (V) OTHER OUTSTANDING WARRANTS
TO PURCHASE SHARES OF CLASS A COMMON STOCK.
THE COMPANY
GENERAL
Amerigon Incorporated (the "Company" or "Amerigon") is a development stage
company formed in 1991 to develop, manufacture and market proprietary high
technology automotive components and systems for sale to automobile and other
original equipment manufacturers. The Company's business strategy is to apply
aerospace and defense industry technology to products for the automotive market.
The Company has principally focused on developing proprietary positions in the
following technologies: (i) thermoelectric heated and cooled seats; (ii) radar
for maneuvering and safety; (iii) voice interactive navigation and
entertainment; and (iv) electric vehicle components and production systems.
The Company has substantially completed development of the first generation
of its Interactive Voice System ("IVS-TM-") audio-navigation product. The
IVS-TM- provides spoken-word navigation directions to driver and passengers
using an in-vehicle compact audio disc system. To date, the IVS-TM- product has
not been commercially successful and likely would require substantial further
development before it could be expected to achieve significant sales. The
Company is presently seeking to sell the IVS-TM- product line and the Company's
interests in related technology or to find a strategic or financial partner to
help further develop and market the IVS-TM- product. If the Company is unable to
consummate such a sale or arrange such a relationship in the near future, the
Company plans to discontinue sales and further development of the IVS-TM- and
related technology. See "--Business Strategy; Recent Developments."
The Company's other products are in various stages of development. The
Company is presently working with three of the world's largest automotive
original equipment manufacturers on pre-production development programs for
heated and cooled seats. In addition, the Company has sold multiple prototypes
of its heated and cooled seats and radar for maneuvering and safety to potential
customers for evaluation and demonstration.
BUSINESS STRATEGY; RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
The Company was founded on the premise that technology proven for use in the
defense and aerospace industries could be successfully adapted to the automotive
and transportation industries. Amerigon has focused on technologies that it
believes can be readily adapted to automotive needs for advanced vehicle
electronics and for electric vehicle systems. The Company seeks to avoid direct
competition with established automotive suppliers of commodity products by
identifying market opportunities where the need for rapid technological change
gives an edge to new market entrants with proprietary products.
The Company has recently determined to focus its resources primarily on
developing its heated and cooled seat and radar for maneuvering and safety
technologies. The Company has adopted this strategy primarily because the
Company believes that the markets for these products have greater near-term
potential than the markets for its other products, and because these
technologies afford the Company its best opportunities to exploit competitive
advantages over rival companies. The Company also would expect continued
necessary development and marketing of the Company's voice interactive
navigation technologies and electric vehicle systems to entail very high costs,
to the point that they would likely exceed the Company's financial resources.
Even if the Company were able to overcome this financial challenge, management
also believes that the Company might not be able to develop and successfully
market the next generation of
3
IVS-TM-, and might not be able to successfully develop and profitably
manufacture electric vehicles or their components, without commercial or
technical assistance from one or more strategic partners. Accordingly, the
Company is presently seeking to sell the IVS-TM- product line and the Company's
interests in related technology or to find a strategic or financial partner to
help further develop and market the IVS-TM- product. If the Company is unable to
consummate such a sale or arrange such a relationship in the near future, the
Company plans to discontinue sales and further development of the IVS-TM- and
related technology. See "Risk Factors--Possible Termination of License of Voice
Recognition Software Technology." The Company is also presently seeking
strategic and financial partners to help support continued development and
marketing of the Company's electric vehicle systems. If the Company is unable to
arrange such a relationship in the near term, the Company will attempt to sell
its proprietary interests and other assets in and relating to its electric
vehicle technology or abandon their development. See "Risk Factors--Possible
Disposition or Abandonment of Electric Vehicle and IVS-TM- Product Businesses."
The Company has recently experienced serious cash shortfalls. In October
1996, the Company completed a private placement (the "Bridge Financing") of 60
bridge units (each a "Bridge Unit"), each consisting of one $47,500 10%
unsecured promissory note (each a "Bridge Note") and one $2,500 10% convertible
subordinated debenture (each a "Bridge Debenture") to enable it to continue
operations until the completion of the Offering. A portion of the proceeds of
the Offering will be applied to repayment of the Bridge Notes. See "Management's
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations--Liquidity and Capital Resources" and "Use of Proceeds."
THE OFFERING
Securities Offered by the
Company........................... 15,000 Units, each consisting of 280 shares of the
Company's Class A Common Stock and 280 Class A Warrants.
See "Description of Securities."
Terms of Class A Warrants......... Each Class A Warrant entitles the registered holder
thereof to purchase, at any time until the fifth
anniversary of the Effective Date, one share of the
Company's Class A Common Stock, subject to earlier
redemption by the Company. The exercise price for the
Class A Warrants will be 135% of the amount equal to the
price per Unit to the public divided by 280. See
"Description of Securities--Class A Warrants."
Number of Shares of Capital Stock
Outstanding:
Before the Offering (1)......... 7,068,500 shares of Class A Common Stock, of which
3,000,000 shares are Escrow Shares(2).
After the Offering (3)........ . 11,268,500 shares of Class A Common Stock, of which
3,000,000 shares are Escrow Shares(2).
Use of Proceeds................... Repayment of indebtedness, payment of deferred executive
salaries, production engineering, manufacturing,
research and development, marketing and working capital
purposes. See "Use of Proceeds."
Risk Factors...................... The securities offered hereby involve a high degree of
risk. See "Risk Factors."
Nasdaq Symbols.................... Class A Common Stock--ARGNA
Class A Warrants--ARGNW
(FOOTNOTES ON NEXT PAGE)
4
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(1) Does not include 264,757 shares of Class A Common Stock issuable upon
exercise of outstanding warrants and 530,000 shares of Class A Common Stock
presently reserved for issuance under the Company's 1993 Stock Option Plan,
as amended, under which options to purchase 312,236 shares of Class A Common
Stock are outstanding.
(2) In connection with the Company's 1993 initial public offering, 3,000,000
shares (the "Escrow Shares") of the Company's Class A Common Stock were
deposited in escrow by certain shareholders of the Company, which Escrow
Shares are to be released to such shareholders for no consideration if the
Company attains certain pre-tax earnings levels during any of the fiscal
years ending December 31, 1996, 1997 and 1998. If such earnings are
achieved, the Company will record a substantial non-cash charge to earnings,
for financial reporting purposes, as compensation expense relating to the
value of the Escrow Shares released to current and former Company officers
and employees. On April 30, 1999, all Escrow Shares that have not been so
released from escrow will automatically be exchanged for shares of Class B
Common Stock which will then be released from escrow. The Class B Common
Stock is neither transferable nor convertible and its rights with respect to
dividends and liquidation distributions are inferior to those of the Class A
Common Stock. Therefore, the Class B Common Stock has limited economic
value. See "Risk Factors--Potential Charges to Income," "Principal
Shareholders--Escrow Shares" and "Description of Securities--Common Stock."
(3) Does not include (i) 1,260,000 shares of Class A Common Stock issuable upon
exercise of the Over-Allotment Option and the Class A Warrants included in
the Units issuable upon exercise of the Over-Allotment Option; (ii)
4,200,000 shares of Class A Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Class
A Warrants included in the Units offered hereby; (iii) 840,000 shares of
Class A Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Unit Purchase Option and
the Class A Warrants included in the Units included in the Unit Purchase
Option; (iv) outstanding warrants to purchase 286,659 shares of Class A
Common Stock and (v) 530,000 shares of Class A Common Stock presently
reserved for issuance under the Company's 1993 Stock Option Plan, as
amended, under which options to purchase 312,236 shares of Class A Common
Stock are outstanding. See "Description of Securities" and "Underwriting."
5
SUMMARY FINANCIAL INFORMATION
The summary financial data presented below should be read in conjunction
with the financial statements and related notes thereto appearing elsewhere in
this Prospectus and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations."
PERIOD FROM PERIOD FROM
APRIL 23, APRIL 23,
1991 1991
FISCAL YEARS (INCEPTION) NINE MONTHS ENDED (INCEPTION)
ENDED DECEMBER 31, TO ---------------------------- TO
------------------------------- DECEMBER 31, SEPTEMBER 30, SEPTEMBER 30, SEPTEMBER 30,
1993 1994 1995 1995 1995 1996 1996
--------- --------- --------- ------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
(IN THOUSANDS EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
OPERATING DATA:
Total revenues...................... $ 2,289 $ 2,640 $ 7,809 $ 14,638 $ 4,806 $ 6,501 $ 21,139
Costs and expenses:
Direct development contract and
related grant costs............. 525 928 5,332 6,785 3,895 9,142 15,927
Direct grant costs................ 1,649 803 339 4,522 390 101 4,623
Research and development.......... 1,578 2,137 2,367 6,659 1,785 1,544 8,203
Selling, general and
administrative, including
reimbursable administrative
costs........................... 2,340 3,235 3,135 10,377 1,820 1,838 12,215
--------- --------- --------- ------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
Total costs and expenses............ 6,092 7,103 11,173 28,343 7,890 12,625 40,968
--------- --------- --------- ------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
Operating loss...................... $ (3,803) $ (4,463) $ (3,364) $ (13,705) $ (3,084) $ (6,124) $ (19,829)
--------- --------- --------- ------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
--------- --------- --------- ------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
Net loss............................ $ (3,640) $ (4,235) $ (3,237) $ (13,187) $ (2,960) $ (6,245) $ (19,432)
--------- --------- --------- ------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
--------- --------- --------- ------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
Net loss per share.................. $ (1.64) $ (1.28) $ (0.98) -- $ (0.90) $ (1.54) --
Weighted average number of shares
outstanding....................... 2,213 3,300 3,306 -- 3,300 4,060 --
Supplemental pro forma net loss per
share(1).......................... -- -- -- -- -- $ (1.44) --
Supplemental pro forma weighted
average shares outstanding(1)..... -- -- -- -- -- 4,294 --
AS OF SEPTEMBER 30, 1996
---------------------------------------
AS OF DECEMBER 31, PRO FORMA AS
1995 ACTUAL PRO FORMA(2) ADJUSTED(3)
---------------------- --------- ------------- -------------
(IN THOUSANDS)
BALANCE SHEET DATA:
Working capital................................. $ 6,481 $ 351 $ 351 $ 12,976
Total assets.................................... 8,995 5,876 8,876 17,016
Long term debt.................................. 68 50 50 50
Total liabilities............................... 1,797 4,872 7,872 3,387
Deficit accumulated during development stage.... (13,187) (19,432) (19,432) (19,932)
Total shareholders' equity...................... 7,198 1,004 1,004 13,629
- --------------------------
(1) Supplemental pro forma net loss per share and supplemental pro forma
weighted average shares outstanding reflect the anticipated application of a
portion of the proceeds of the Offering to repay the bank line of credit as
described in "Use of Proceeds" as if such repayment occurred as of its
issuance date (April 18, 1996). Supplemental pro forma net loss per share
for the year ended December 31, 1995 has not been presented since there were
no borrowings outstanding on the bank line of credit at December 31, 1995.
(2) Gives pro forma effect to the October 1996 issuance of the Bridge Units, net
of approximately $500,000 of issuance costs, as if the issuance had occurred
as of September 30, 1996. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations--Liquidity and Capital
Resources."
(3) As adjusted to give effect to the sale of the 15,000 Units offered hereby at
an assumed offering price of $1,000 per Unit and the application of the net
proceeds therefrom (including the automatic conversion of the Bridge
Debentures into Class A Warrants, the repayment of the principal on the
Bridge Notes and the corresponding charge to operations upon repayment
thereof estimated at $500,000). See "Use of Proceeds," "Capitalization" and
"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations--Liquidity and Capital Resources."
6
RISK FACTORS
THE SECURITIES OFFERED HEREBY ARE HIGHLY SPECULATIVE IN NATURE AND INVOLVE A
HIGH DEGREE OF RISK. PRIOR TO MAKING AN INVESTMENT DECISION, PROSPECTIVE
INVESTORS SHOULD GIVE CAREFUL CONSIDERATION TO, AMONG OTHER THINGS, THE RISK
FACTORS SET FORTH BELOW. THIS PROSPECTUS CONTAINS FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE "SAFE HARBOR" PROVISIONS OF THE PRIVATE SECURITIES
LITIGATION REFORM ACT OF 1995. REFERENCE IS MADE IN PARTICULAR TO THE
DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPANY'S PLANS AND OBJECTIVES FOR FUTURE OPERATIONS,
ASSUMPTIONS UNDERLYING SUCH PLANS AND OBJECTIVES AND OTHER FORWARD-LOOKING
STATEMENTS INCLUDED IN "PROSPECTUS SUMMARY," "RISK FACTORS," "USE OF PROCEEDS,"
"MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF
OPERATIONS" AND "BUSINESS" IN THIS PROSPECTUS. SUCH STATEMENTS MAY BE IDENTIFIED
BY THE USE OF FORWARD-LOOKING TERMINOLOGY SUCH AS "MAY," "WILL," "EXPECT,"
"BELIEVE," "ESTIMATE," "ANTICIPATE," "CONTINUE," OR SIMILAR TERMS, VARIATIONS OF
SUCH TERMS OR THE NEGATIVE OF SUCH TERMS. SUCH STATEMENTS ARE BASED ON
MANAGEMENT'S CURRENT EXPECTATIONS AND ARE SUBJECT TO A NUMBER OF FACTORS AND
UNCERTAINTIES WHICH COULD CAUSE ACTUAL RESULTS TO DIFFER MATERIALLY FROM THOSE
DESCRIBED IN THE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS. FACTORS WHICH COULD CAUSE SUCH
RESULTS TO DIFFER MATERIALLY FROM THOSE DESCRIBED IN THE FORWARD-LOOKING
STATEMENTS INCLUDE THOSE SET FORTH BELOW.
DEVELOPMENT STAGE COMPANY
The Company's proposed future operations are subject to numerous risks
associated with establishing new businesses, including, but not limited to,
unforeseeable expenses, delays and complications, as well as specific risks of
the industry in which the Company competes. There can be no assurance that the
Company will be able to market any product on a commercial scale, achieve
profitable operations or remain in business. To date, the Company's first
developed product, the IVS-TM-, has not been commercially successful. The
Company was formed in April 1991 and most of its products are still in the
development stage. In addition, several of the Company's products are aimed at
the electric vehicle market, which is still in its infancy and may never achieve
commercial prominence. The likelihood of the success of the Company must be
considered in light of the problems, expenses, difficulties, complications and
delays frequently encountered in connection with establishing a new business,
including, without limitation, uncertainty as to market acceptance of the
Company's products, marketing problems and expenses, competition and changes in
business strategy. There can be no assurance that the Company will be successful
in its proposed business activities.
Moreover, except for the IVS-TM-, the Company's other products are in
various stages of prototype development and will require the expenditure of
significant funds for further development and testing in order to commence
commercial sales. No assurance can be given that the Company will obtain such
additional funds or that it will be successful in resolving all technical
problems relating to its products or in developing the technology used in its
prototypes into commercially viable products. The Company does not expect to
generate any significant revenues from the sale of seat or radar products for at
least 12 to 24 months, and no assurance can be given that such sales will ever
materialize. Further, there can be no assurance that any of the Company's
products, if successfully developed, will be capable of being produced in
commercial quantities at reasonable costs or will be successfully marketed and
distributed. See "--Limited Marketing Capabilities; Uncertainty of Market
Acceptance."
SUBSTANTIAL OPERATING LOSSES SINCE INCEPTION
The Company has incurred substantial operating losses since its inception.
At December 31, 1995 and at September 30, 1996, the Company had accumulated
deficits since inception of $13,187,000 and $19,432,000, respectively. During
the years ended December 31, 1994 and 1995, the Company had net losses of
$4,235,000 and $3,237,000, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30,
1995 and 1996, the Company had net losses of $2,960,000 and $6,245,000,
respectively. The Company has incurred additional losses and its accumulated
deficit has increased since September 30, 1996. The Company's accumulated
deficits are attributable to the costs of developmental and other start-up
activities, including the industrial design, development and marketing of the
Company's products and a significant loss
7
incurred on a major electric vehicle development contract. See "--Electric
Vehicle Cost Overruns and Significant Contract Losses." The Company has
continued to incur losses due to continuing expenses without significant
revenues or profit margins on the sale of products, and expects to incur
significant losses for the foreseeable future. See Note 3 of Notes to Financial
Statements.
NEED FOR ADDITIONAL FINANCING
The Company has experienced negative cash flow since its inception and has
expended, and expects to continue to expend, substantial funds to continue its
development efforts. The Company has not generated and does not expect to
generate in the foreseeable future sufficient revenues from the sales of its
principal products to cover its operating expenses. Even after completion of the
Offering, the Company will require additional financing through bank borrowings,
debt or equity financing or otherwise to finance its planned operations. See
"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations--Liquidity and Capital Resources." If additional funds are not
obtained when needed, the Company will be required to significantly curtail its
activities, dispose of one or more of its technologies and/or cease operations
and liquidate. If and when the Company is able to commence commercial production
of its heated and cooled seat or radar products, the Company will incur
significant expenses for tooling product parts and to set up manufacturing
and/or assembly processes. In part as a result of the Company's anticipated
capital requirements, management is currently seeking to sell the IVS-TM-
product line or enter into collaborative or other arrangements with financial or
strategic corporate partners to develop the IVS-TM- product and its electric
vehicle technologies. See "--Possible Disposition or Abandonment of Electric
Vehicle and IVS-TM- Product Businesses." No assurance can be given that such
alternate funding sources can be obtained or will provide sufficient, or any,
financing for the Company. Moreover, the licensing agreements for the Company's
current and potential future rights to licensed technology generally require the
payment of minimum royalties. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 1996, the
Company paid a total of approximately $140,000 in royalties. In the event the
Company is unable to pay such royalties or otherwise breaches such licensing
agreements, the Company would lose its rights to the technology, which would
have a material adverse effect on the Company's business.
In light of the foregoing, and the significant losses experienced on the
Company's major electric vehicle contract (see "--Electric Vehicle Cost Overruns
and Significant Contract Losses"), it is likely that the report of the Company's
independent accountants with respect to the Company's financial statements as of
and for the period ended December 31, 1996 will contain an explanatory paragraph
concerning the Company's ability to continue as a going concern without
obtaining additional financing.
POSSIBLE DISPOSITION OR ABANDONMENT OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE AND IVS-TM- PRODUCT
BUSINESSES
To date, the Company has focused on and invested substantial capital in four
product technologies: (i) thermoelectric heated and cooled seats; (ii) radar for
maneuvering and safety; (iii) voice interactive navigation and entertainment;
and (iv) electric vehicle components and production systems. See
"Business--Products." The Company has recently determined to focus its resources
primarily on developing its heated and cooled seat and radar technologies. The
Company is presently seeking to sell the IVS-TM- product line or find a
strategic or financial partner to help further develop and market the IVS-TM-
product. The Company is also presently seeking strategic and financial partners
to help support continued development and marketing of the Company's electric
vehicle systems. No assurance can be given that the Company's change in business
strategy will prove successful or even beneficial to the Company. Further, no
assurance can be given that the Company will be able to complete a sale of the
IVS-TM- product line, obtain additional funding or attract strategic or
financial partners or that, if such funding or partners were to be obtained, the
electric vehicle or IVS-TM- products could be successfully developed. If the
Company is unable to arrange such a relationship in the near term, the Company
will attempt to sell its proprietary interests and other assets in and related
to these technologies or abandon their development. No assurance can be given
that the Company would be able to effect such a sale on terms favorable to the
Company or at all.
8
ELECTRIC VEHICLE COST OVERRUNS AND SIGNIFICANT CONTRACT LOSSES
In its results for the nine months ended September 30, 1996, the Company
reported cost overruns on the approximately $9.6 million electric vehicle
contract now in process that resulted in the Company recording charges to
operations for the ultimate estimated loss at completion of the contract of
approximately $1,625,000. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations." The Company may continue to experience
cost overruns on this contract due to unanticipated design and development
problems and continuing delays in the completion of this contract, as well as
other factors. Furthermore, the customer under the contract is entitled to
withhold 10% of the contract price payable to the Company for a period of time
following the final shipment and to offset such amount against any claims the
customer may have against the Company, including any warranty claims. Any such
withholding and/or offset would further exacerbate the Company's liquidity
problems. The Company will also be obliged to fulfill warranty obligations on
electric vehicles delivered under the contract for a period of one year, which
may result in additional expense to the Company.
UNCERTAIN MARKET DEMAND FOR IVS-TM-; FURTHER REFINEMENT NEEDED; POSSIBLE
DISPOSITION
Development of the first generation IVS-TM- audio navigation product was
completed and commercial sales commenced in December 1995. To date, sales of the
product have been weak due to lower than anticipated consumer acceptance of the
product and overall market demand. In 1995, the Company had pre-production
orders for approximately 2,000 units. As of December 31, 1996, only
approximately 2,700 units had been produced and sold. Of such units,
approximately 270 are subject to one customer's right to return units for a
refund of approximately $77,000. No assurance can be given that such units will
not be returned. Moreover, the Company believes that the current IVS-TM- product
is not commercially viable and will require further development, at significant
cost, in order to have a reasonable prospect for commercial viability,
particularly with respect to sales to automobile manufacturers. Based upon the
results to date, the strategy of attempting to sell the IVS-TM- product in the
aftermarket is questionable. As a result of weak demand for the product in its
current form and the capital resources necessary to refine and market it, the
Company is presently seeking to sell the IVS-TM- product line and the Company's
interests in related technology or to find a strategic or financial partner to
help further develop and market the IVS-TM- product. If no such sale or
relationship is consummated in the near future, the Company intends to
discontinue sales and further development of the IVS-TM- and related technology.
See "--Possible Disposition or Abandonment of Electric Vehicle and IVS-TM-
Product Businesses."
POSSIBLE TERMINATION OF LICENSE OF VOICE-RECOGNITION SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY USED IN
IVS-TM-
The Company has failed to make advance royalty payments required by the
terms of the governing license agreement for certain voice-recognition software
technology used in the IVS-TM-. This license may be terminated by either party
upon a material breach of the agreement by the other party that remains uncured
after a certain grace period. See "Business--Proprietary Rights and Patents." If
the licensor were to terminate such license, in order to continue to manufacture
and sell the IVS-TM-, the Company would either need to reach an accommodation
with such licensor or identify and secure a license to use a substitute software
technology, neither of which can be assured. The adaptation of substitute
software technology under such circumstances might result in additional
development costs to the Company. If the Company were unable to reach an
accommodation with the licensor or identify and secure a substitute license, the
Company's ability to sell the IVS-TM- product line and the Company's interests
in related technology might be impaired.
LACK OF EXCLUSIVE LICENSES ON IVS-TM- AND HEATED AND COOLED SEATS; POTENTIAL
LOSS OF EXCLUSIVITY OF LICENSE ON RADAR FOR MANEUVERING AND SAFETY
The Company has entered into an agreement with the IVS-TM- licensor, Audio
Navigation Systems, LLC ("ANS"), formerly Audio Navigation Systems, Inc., which
resolved prior differences of interpretation of
9
the license agreement covering the IVS-TM- technology. The new agreement
provides, among other things, that ANS can produce, market and/or license others
to make and sell products incorporating certain improvements made by the Company
to the IVS-TM- technology that could compete directly with the Company's IVS-TM-
product. The Company believes that ANS may introduce a competitive product in
1997. Such competition could have an adverse effect on the value of the
Company's IVS-TM- product and on any future versions of such product. The
Company also lacks an exclusive license for its heated and cooled seat
technology. Consequently, such technology may be licensed to other entities,
which may introduce seat products competitive with those of the Company. Such
competitive products may be superior to the Company's seat products, and such
competition may have a material adverse effect on sales of the Company's seat
products and on the business and financial condition of the Company. See
"Business-- Proprietary Rights and Patents."
The Company's exclusive license from the Regents of the University of
California for the Company's radar technology requires the Company to achieve
commercial sales of products by the end of 1998. Commercial sales are defined as
sales of non-prototype products to at least one original equipment manufacturer.
Failure to achieve commercial sales for a particular application will result in
the loss of exclusivity of the license for that application, in which event the
licensor will have the right to grant other entities a non-exclusive license for
that application at terms no more favorable than those enjoyed by the Company.
See "Business--Proprietary Rights and Patents."
LIMITED PROTECTION OF PATENTS AND PROPRIETARY RIGHTS; POTENTIAL DISPUTE WITH
LICENSOR OF SEAT TECHNOLOGY
The Company believes that patents and proprietary rights have been and will
continue to be important in enabling the Company to compete. There can be no
assurance that any patents will be granted or that the Company's or its
licensors' patents and proprietary rights will not be challenged or circumvented
or will provide the Company with any meaningful competitive advantages or that
any pending patent applications will issue. Furthermore, there can be no
assurance that others will not independently develop similar products or will
not design around any patents that have been or may be issued to the Company or
its licensors. Failure to obtain patents in certain foreign countries may
materially adversely affect the Company's ability to compete effectively in
certain international markets. The Company is aware that an unrelated party
filed a patent application in Japan on March 30, 1992 with respect to certain
improvements to the CCS technology developed by the Company. See
"Business--Proprietary Rights and Patents."
The Company has a different understanding regarding technology improvements
made by the Company than that of the licensor of certain technology used in the
Company's heated and cooled seats. Such licensor has informed the Company that
he believes that he is entitled to a license to use any improvements to such
technology that the Company might develop. If such licensor were deemed to have
such rights to use such improvements, such licensor may develop and sell seat
products competitive with those of the Company, which competition may have a
material adverse effect on sales of the Company's seats and its business and
financial condition generally.
The Company also relies on trade secrets that it seeks to protect, in part,
through confidentiality and non-disclosure agreements with employees, customers
and other parties. There can be no assurance that these agreements will not be
breached, that the Company would have adequate remedies for any such breach or
that the Company's trade secrets will not otherwise become known to or
independently developed by competitors. To the extent that consultants, key
employees or other third parties apply technological information independently
developed by them or by others to the Company's proposed projects, disputes may
arise as to the proprietary rights to such information which may not be resolved
in favor of the Company. The Company may be involved from time to time in
litigation to determine the enforceability, scope and validity of proprietary
rights. Any such litigation could result in substantial cost to the Company and
diversion of effort by the Company's management and technical personnel.
Additionally, with respect to licensed technology, there can be no assurance
that the licensor of the technology will have
10
the resources, financial or otherwise, or desire to defend against any
challenges to the rights of such licensor to its patents.
DEPENDENCE ON ACCEPTANCE BY AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURERS AND CONSUMERS; MARKET
COMPETITION
The Company's ability to successfully market its seats and radar products
will in large part be dependent upon the willingness of automobile manufacturers
to incur the substantial expense involved in the purchase and installation of
the Company's products and systems, and, ultimately, upon the acceptance of the
Company's products by consumers. The Company's potential customers may be
reluctant to modify their existing automobile models, where necessary, to
incorporate the Company's products. In addition, automobile manufacturers may be
reluctant to purchase key components from a small, development-stage company
with limited financial and other resources. The Company's ability to
successfully market its seats and radar products will also be dependent in part
upon its ability to persuade automobile manufacturers that the Company's
products are sufficiently unique that they cannot be obtained elsewhere. See
"--Competition; Possible Obsolescence of Technology" and "--Lack of Exclusive
Licenses on IVS-TM- and Heated and Cooled Seats; Potential Loss of Exclusivity
of License on Radar for Maneuvering and Safety." There can be no assurance that
the Company will be successful in this effort. Furthermore, in the event the
Company is successful in obtaining favorable responses from automobile
manufacturers, the Company may need to license its technology to potential
competitors to ensure adequate additional sources of supply in light of
automobile manufacturers' reluctance to purchase products from a sole source
supplier (particularly where the continued viability of such supplier is in
doubt, as may be the case with the Company). Acceptance of the Company's
components and systems for electric vehicles is dependent upon market acceptance
of electric vehicles, as to which there can be no assurance.
LACK OF CAPITAL TO FUND PROPOSED ELECTRIC VEHICLE JOINT VENTURE; STRATEGY
UNTESTED; WRITE-OFF OF CAPITALIZED EXPENSES IN 1996 FOURTH QUARTER
In February 1996, the Company entered into a memorandum of understanding
(which by its terms expired on August 29, 1996) with a strategic partner to
enter into a proposed joint venture in India to develop, market and/or
manufacture electric vehicles. The terms of the joint venture called for the
Company to contribute cash in the approximate amount of $2.2 million as well as
the design and certain tooling for production of the electric vehicles to the
joint venture in exchange for a minority equity stake. The Company presently
lacks the capital to make such a financial contribution to a joint venture
entity, and currently does not propose to apply any of the net proceeds of the
Offering for such purpose. See "Business--Electric Vehicles" and "Use of
Proceeds." Accordingly, unless the terms of the joint venture were to be revised
so as to eliminate or substantially reduce the Company's required capital
contribution, or unless the Company can find a new or additional joint venture
partner, the Company would be unable to participate in the proposed joint
venture on its original terms. No assurance can be given that the Company will
be able to reduce its required capital contribution to the proposed joint
venture or obtain additional financing for the proposed joint venture.
Furthermore, there can be no assurance that the Company and its proposed partner
will ever consummate the proposed joint venture.
Even if the Company were able to obtain sufficient funding to participate in
the proposed joint venture in India or similar joint ventures in other
countries, there can be no assurance that the governments of such countries
would grant the necessary permits, authority and approvals for any such joint
venture or similar enterprise or for the development, manufacture and sale of
electric vehicles, that consumer interest would be sufficient or economic
factors affecting consumer demand would be favorable to make such ventures
financially feasible, or that competition will not exist or develop that would
materially adversely affect the financial feasibility of such ventures. In
addition, many of the Company's competitors in the electric vehicle market have
greater financial resources than the Company. See "--Dependence on Acceptance by
Automobile Manufacturers and Consumers; Market Competition" and "--Competition;
Possible Obsolescence of Technology."
11
Prior to December of 1996, the Company treated certain costs totaling
approximately $700,000 incurred in connection with prototype development in
anticipation of the formation of the Indian joint venture as capitalized
expenses. Because the joint venture may not be viable, the Company will treat
such costs as current period expenses in December of 1996. Such expenses will
increase losses during the fourth quarter of 1996 by approximately $700,000. See
"--Potential Charges to Income" and Note 15 to Notes to Financial Statements.
LIMITED MANUFACTURING EXPERIENCE
To date, the Company has been engaged in only limited manufacturing,
principally of the IVS-TM- in small quantities, and there can be no assurance
that the Company's efforts to establish its manufacturing operations for any of
its products (including electric vehicles) will not exceed estimated costs or
take longer than expected or that other unanticipated problems will not arise
which will materially adversely affect the Company's operations, financial
condition and/or business prospects. The Company has already experienced
significant delays and cost overruns in connection with its electric vehicle
contracts. See "--Electric Vehicle Cost Overruns and Significant Contract
Losses." Automobile manufacturers demand on-time delivery of quality products,
and some have required the payment of substantial financial penalties for
failure to deliver components to their plants on a timely basis. Such penalties,
as well as costs to avoid them, such as working overtime and overnight air
freighting parts that normally are shipped by other less expensive means of
transportation, could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business
and financial condition. Moreover, the inability to meet demand for the
Company's products on a timely basis would materially adversely affect the
Company's reputation and prospects. The Company currently is seeking to identify
and hire a vice president of operations with manufacturing experience. However,
no assurance can be given that the Company will be successful in identifying,
hiring or retaining such an individual on terms affordable to the Company (or on
any terms).
RESTATEMENT OF 1996 1ST QUARTER AND 2ND QUARTER FINANCIAL RESULTS
On October 24, 1996, the Company filed two Forms 10-Q/A amending the
Company's quarterly reports on Form 10-Q for the periods ended March 31, 1996
and June 30, 1996, respectively, to adjust revenues and expenses associated with
development contracts. In the six months ended June 30, 1996, these adjustments
resulted in a decrease in revenues from development contracts of $1,500,000 and
a decrease in expenses related to direct development contract costs of $570,000,
which caused an increased operating loss and net loss of $930,000. Net loss per
share for such period increased by $.23. The decrease in revenues from
development contracts for the six months ended June 30, 1996 consisted of
approximately $800,000 related to errors in the calculation of the revenue
recognized under the Company's major electrical vehicle development contract.
The correction of these errors also resulted in an increase in direct
development contract costs of approximately $130,000 for the six months ended
June 30, 1996. The remaining decrease in development contract revenue of
approximately $700,000 related to the reversal of $700,000 in revenue and an
equal amount of associated contract costs recognized prior to the finalization
of the Company's proposed joint venture in India and related contracts
therefrom. The $700,000 in costs were recorded as deferred contract costs. See
"Lack of Capital to Fund Proposed Electric Vehicle Joint Venture; Strategy
Untested; Write-off of Capitalized Expenses in 1996 Fourth Quarter."
DEPENDENCE ON AND STRAINED RELATIONS WITH VENDORS AND SUPPLIERS
The Company is dependent on various vendors and suppliers for the components
of its products. Although the Company believes that there are a number of
alternative sources for most of these components, certain components are only
available from a limited number of suppliers. Due to the Company's recent cash
shortfalls, prior to the completion of the Bridge Financing, the Company was
unable to pay most of its vendors and suppliers on a timely basis. As a result,
although most of the Company's accounts payable are now current, the Company
believes that its relations with many of its
12
vendors and suppliers may be strained. Many of such vendors and suppliers will
no longer extend trade credit to the Company. There can be no assurance that any
of such vendors and suppliers will not limit or cease doing business with the
Company in the future or further alter the terms on which they do business with
the Company. The loss of any significant supplier, in the absence of a timely
and satisfactory alternative arrangement, or an inability to obtain essential
components on reasonable terms or at all, could materially adversely affect the
Company's business and operations. The Company's business and operations could
also be materially adversely affected by delays in deliveries from suppliers.
DEFAULT UNDER BANK CREDIT LINE
The Company has a secured line of credit from a commercial bank to borrow
funds based on costs incurred and billings made under a major electric vehicle
development contract. The Company has experienced significant delays and cost
overruns under such electric vehicle contract, which may delay or impair the
Company's ability to collect the remaining payments due under this contract. See
"--Electric Vehicle Cost Overruns and Significant Contract Losses." The line of
credit is secured by a security interest in all of the Company's personal
property, including, but not limited to, all accounts receivable, equipment,
inventory and general intangibles. As of January 14, 1997, the Company had
approximately $1,185,000 outstanding under the secured line of credit. The
Company intends to use part of the proceeds of the Offering to repay all amounts
due under the line of credit. See "Use of Proceeds." The line of credit expired
by its terms but has been extended orally until January 31, 1997. The Company
has sought, and the bank has advised the Company that it will soon deliver, a
written extension to such date. However, the delivery of such a written
extension cannot be assured.
The Company has breached certain financial covenants under the line of
credit, which default entitles the bank to declare all sums outstanding under
the line of credit immediately due and payable. Any exercise by the bank of its
rights and remedies under the line of credit prior to the repayment of all
amounts due thereunder would have a material adverse effect on the Company.
However, the bank has agreed orally to forbear until January 31, 1997 from
exercising its rights and remedies with respect to the Company's breaches of the
financial covenants. The Company has sought, and the bank has advised the
Company that it will soon deliver, a written forbearance to such date. However,
the delivery of a written forbearance to such date cannot be assured. The
Company has agreed that it will not be entitled to make any further borrowings
under the line of credit. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations--Liquidity and Capital Resources."
SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE
Future sales of Class A Common Stock by existing stockholders pursuant to
Rule 144 under the Securities Act, pursuant to the Subsequent Offering or
otherwise, or the potential of such sales, could have an adverse effect on the
price of the Company's securities. Pursuant to the Subsequent Offering,
1,620,000 Selling Securityholder Warrants and the underlying Class A Common
Stock will be registered for resale subsequent to this Offering, subject to a
contractual restriction that the Selling Securityholders not sell any of the
Selling Securityholder Warrants for at least 90 days after the date of this
Prospectus and, during the period from 91 to 270 days after the date of this
Prospectus, may only sell specified percentages of such Selling Securityholder
Warrants. Approximately 7,068,500 shares of Class A Common Stock are outstanding
prior to completion of the Offering. 3,000,000 of such shares are Escrow Shares
not transferable unless released from escrow pursuant to the Escrow Agreement.
See "Principal Shareholders--Escrow Shares." Of the 4,068,500 shares of Class A
Common Stock outstanding prior to the Offering that are not Escrow Shares,
795,197 are "restricted securities," all of which are currently eligible for
sale pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act. However, all directors and
executive officers of the Company and certain holders of the outstanding shares
of Class A Common Stock have agreed not to sell any shares of Common Stock for a
period of 13 months from the date of this Prospectus without the prior written
consent of the Underwriter. In addition, the holders of the Unit Purchase Option
and the holders of 750,000 shares of
13
Class A Common Stock and the holders of warrants to purchase 276,659 shares of
Class A Common Stock have certain demand and "piggy-back" registration rights
with respect to their securities. Exercise of such rights could involve
substantial expense to the Company. See "Description of Securities," "Shares
Eligible for Future Sale," "Subsequent Offering" and "Underwriting."
In connection with certain threatened claims against the Company and its
directors and officers, certain of the Company's shareholders have indicated to
the Company that they may attempt to sell all or part of their holdings of Class
A Common Stock. See "--Legal Proceedings."
OUTSTANDING OPTIONS AND WARRANTS
Upon completion of this Offering, the Company will have outstanding (i)
4,200,000 Class A Warrants to purchase shares of Class A Common Stock; (ii) the
Selling Securityholder Warrants to purchase 1,620,000 shares of Class A Common
Stock; (iii) the Unit Purchase Option to purchase an aggregate of 840,000 shares
of Class A Common Stock, assuming exercise of the underlying Class A Warrants;
(iv) 530,000 shares of Class A Common Stock reserved for issuance upon exercise
of options under the Company's 1993 Stock Option Plan, under which options to
purchase 312,236 shares of Class A Common Stock are outstanding; and (v)
warrants to purchase 286,659 shares of Class A Common Stock. Holders of such
warrants and options are likely to exercise them when, in all likelihood, the
Company could obtain additional capital on terms more favorable than those
provided by such warrants and options. Further, while these warrants and options
are outstanding, the Company's ability to obtain additional financing on
favorable terms may be adversely affected.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
HBI Financial Inc. ("HBI"), and DDJ Capital Management LLC ("DDJ"), each
major shareholders of the Company, have threatened various claims against the
Company and its directors and officers arising out of the December 1995 private
placement by the Company of 750,000 shares of Class A Common Stock. In general,
they allege that the Company provided misleading projections and failed to
disclose certain information in connection with such private placement. The
Company believes these allegations to be without merit. While, to the Company's
knowledge, HBI and DDJ have commenced no legal action against the Company in
connection with such claims, no assurance can be given that they will not do so
in the future. If they were to commence such legal action, the Company would be
forced to defend such action and/or settle with them, the costs of which defense
and/or any resulting liability or settlement could have a material adverse
effect on the Company's financial condition. John W. Clark, a director of the
Company, is a general partner of an affiliate of HBI.
The Company is subject to other litigation in the ordinary course of its
business, none of which is expected to have a material adverse effect on the
Company. See "Business--Legal Proceedings."
LIMITED MARKETING CAPABILITIES; UNCERTAINTY OF MARKET ACCEPTANCE
Because of the sophisticated nature and early stage of development of its
products, the Company will be required to educate potential customers and
successfully demonstrate that the merits of the Company's products justify the
costs associated with such products. In certain cases, the Company will likely
encounter resistance from customers reluctant to make the modifications
necessary to incorporate the Company's products into their products or
production processes. In some instances, the Company may be required to rely on
its distributors or other strategic partners to market its products. The success
of any such relationship will depend in part on the other party's own
competitive, marketing and strategic considerations, including the relative
advantages of alternative products being developed and/or marketed by any such
party. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to market its
products properly so as to generate meaningful product sales.
14
TIME LAG FROM PROTOTYPE TO COMMERCIAL SALES
The sales cycle in the automotive components industry is lengthy and can be
as long as six years or more for products that must be designed into a vehicle,
since some companies take that long to design and develop a car. Even when
selling parts that are neither safety-critical nor highly integrated into the
vehicle, there are still many stages that an automotive supply company must go
through before achieving commercial sales. The sales cycle is lengthy because an
automobile manufacturer must develop a high degree of assurance that the
products it buys will meet customer needs, interface as easily as possible with
the other parts of a vehicle and with the automobile manufacturer's production
and assembly process, and have minimal warranty, safety and service problems. In
the case of electric vehicles, another factor affecting the pace of
commercialization is the pace of development of the electric vehicle industry
itself. Since that industry has been and probably will continue to be slow to
develop, electric vehicle products can generally be expected to require even
longer times for commercialization than products intended for use in
conventional gasoline-powered vehicles.
SPECIAL FACTORS APPLICABLE TO THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY IN GENERAL
The automobile industry is cyclical and dependent on consumer spending. The
Company's future sales may be subject to the same cyclical variations as the
automotive industry in general. There have been recent reports of declines in
sales of automobiles on a worldwide basis, and there can be no assurance that
continued or increased declines in automobile production would not have a
material adverse effect on the Company's business or prospects. Additionally,
automotive customers typically reserve the right to unilaterally cancel
contracts completely or to require unilateral price reductions. Although they
generally reimburse companies for actual out-of-pocket costs incurred with
respect to the particular contract up to the point of cancellation, these
reimbursements typically do not cover costs associated with acquiring general
purpose assets such as facilities and capital equipment, and may be subject to
negotiation and substantial delays in receipts by the Company. Any unilateral
cancellation of, or price reduction with respect to, any contract that the
Company may obtain could reduce or eliminate any financial benefits anticipated
from such contract and could have a material adverse effect on the Company's
financial condition and results of operations.
COMPETITION; POSSIBLE OBSOLESCENCE OF TECHNOLOGY
The automotive component and electric vehicle industries are subject to
intense competition. Most of the Company's competitors are substantially larger
in size, have substantially greater financial, marketing and other resources
than the Company, and have more extensive experience and records of successful
operations than the Company. Competition extends to attracting and retaining
qualified technical and marketing personnel. There can be no assurance that the
Company will successfully differentiate its products from those of its
competitors, that the marketplace will consider the Company's current or
proposed products to be superior or even comparable to those of its competitors,
or that the Company can succeed in establishing relationships with automobile
manufacturers. Furthermore, no assurance can be given that competitive pressures
faced by the Company will not adversely affect its financial performance. Due to
the rapid pace of technological change, the Company's products may even be
rendered obsolete by future developments in the industry. The Company's
competitive position would be adversely affected if it were unable to anticipate
such future developments and obtain access to the new technology. See
"Business--Competition."
DEPENDENCE ON KEY PERSONNEL; NEED TO RETAIN TECHNICAL PERSONNEL
The Company's success will depend to a large extent upon the continued
contributions of Lon E. Bell, Ph.D., Chief Executive Officer, President and
Chairman of the Board of Directors and the founder of the Company, and Joshua M.
Newman, Vice President of Corporate Development and Planning and a Director. The
Company has obtained key-person life insurance coverage in the amount of
$2,000,000 on
15
the life of Dr. Bell and in the amount of $1,000,000 on the life of Mr. Newman.
Neither Dr. Bell nor Mr. Newman is bound by an employment agreement with the
Company. The loss of the services of Dr. Bell, Mr. Newman or any of the
Company's executive personnel could materially adversely affect the Company. The
success of the Company will also depend, in part, upon its ability to retain
qualified engineering and other technical and marketing personnel. There is
significant competition for technologically qualified personnel in the
geographical area of the Company's business and the Company may not be
successful in recruiting or retaining sufficient qualified personnel.
POTENTIAL CHARGES TO INCOME
In connection with the Company's initial public offering completed in 1993,
the Escrow Shares were placed (and currently remain) in an escrow account, and
are subject to release to the beneficial owners of such shares in the event the
Company attains certain pre-tax income goals. In the event any Escrow Shares are
released to persons who are current or former officers or other employees of the
Company, compensation expense will be recorded for financial reporting purposes.
Accordingly, in the event of the release of the Escrow Shares from escrow, the
Company will recognize during the periods in which the earnings thresholds are
met or are probable of being met one or more substantial non-cash charges which
would have the effect of substantially increasing the Company's loss or reducing
or eliminating earnings, if any, at such time. Although the amount of
compensation expense recognized by the Company will not affect the Company's
total shareholders' equity or reduce its working capital, it may have a
depressive effect on the market price of the Company's securities. The Company
also expects to incur a non-recurring charge to operations in each fiscal
quarter up to and including the fiscal quarter in which the closing of the
Offering occurs relating to the repayment of the Bridge Notes and associated
costs of their issuance the aggregate amount of which, together with the charge
the Company will incur upon repayment of the Bridge Notes, will be approximately
$500,000. In addition, during the fourth quarter of 1996, the Company will incur
a charge of approximately $700,000 related to costs incurred in connection with
the Company's proposed Indian joint venture. See "Principal Shareholders--Escrow
Shares," "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations" and "--Lack of Capital to Fund Proposed Electric Vehicle
Joint Venture; Strategy Untested; Write-off of Capitalized Expenses in 1996
Fourth Quarter."
POTENTIAL PRODUCT LIABILITY
The Company's business will expose it to potential product liability risks
which are inherent in the manufacturing, marketing and sale of automotive
components. In particular, there may be substantial warranty and liability risks
associated with critical safety components of the Company's products. If
available, product liability insurance generally is expensive. While the Company
presently has $5,000,000 of product liability coverage with respect to the
IVS-TM- product and its electric vehicle prototypes, there can be no assurance
that it will be able to obtain or maintain such insurance on acceptable terms
with respect to other products the Company may develop, or that any insurance
obtained will provide adequate protection against any potential liabilities. In
the event of a successful claim against the Company, a lack or insufficiency of
insurance coverage could have a material adverse effect on the Company's
business and operations.
DEPENDENCE ON GRANTS; GOVERNMENT AUDITS OF GRANTS
For the year ended December 31, 1995, and for the nine months ended
September 30, 1996, the Company received a total of $1,469,000 and $1,454,000,
respectively, in Federal and state government grants to fund the Company's
development of various of its products, including electric vehicles. As a result
of budgetary pressures, fewer Federal and state grants of the kind obtained by
the Company in the past are available and those that are available are
increasingly difficult to obtain. No assurance can be given as to whether the
Company will be able to obtain any such grants in the future.
16
The Company's grants are subject to periodic audit by the granting
government authorities for the purpose of confirming, among other things,
progress in development and that grant moneys are being used and accounted for
as required by the granting authority. If, as a result of any such audit, a
granting authority were to disallow expenses submitted for reimbursement, such
authority could seek recovery of such funds from the Company. The Company is not
aware of any pending or threatened audits with respect to the Company's grants
and does not have any reason to believe that any grant moneys have been applied
in a manner inconsistent with grant requirements or that any grant audits are
otherwise warranted or likely. However, no assurance can be given that any such
audits will not be commenced in the future or that, if commenced, any such
audits would not result in an obligation of the Company to reimburse funds to
the granting authority.
IMMEDIATE AND SUBSTANTIAL DILUTION
Purchasers of Units in the Offering will experience immediate and
substantial dilution of approximately $1.92 or 54% per share in the net tangible
book value per share of Class A Common Stock. Additional dilution to public
investors may result to the extent that the Class A Warrants, Unit Purchase
Option or other outstanding options or warrants to purchase Class A Common Stock
are exercised at a time when the net tangible book value per share exceeds the
exercise price of such securities. See "Dilution."
NO DIVIDENDS
The Company has not paid any cash dividends on its Common Stock since its
inception and, by reason of its present financial status and its contemplated
financial requirements, does not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the
foreseeable future. It is anticipated that earnings, if any, which may be
generated from operations will be used to finance the operations of the Company.
FLUCTUATIONS IN QUARTERLY RESULTS; SIGNIFICANT DECLINE IN REVENUES EXPECTED;
POSSIBLE VOLATILITY OF STOCK PRICE
Factors such as announcements by the Company of quarterly variations in its
financial results, or unexpected losses, could cause the market price of the
Class A Common Stock of the Company to fluctuate significantly. The results of
operations in previous quarters have been partially dependent on large grants,
orders and development contracts, which may not recur in the future. In
addition, the Company's quarterly operating results may fluctuate significantly
in the future due to a number of other factors, including timing of product
introductions by the Company and its competitors, availability and pricing of
components from third parties, timing of orders, foreign currency exchange
rates, technological changes and economic conditions generally. Development
contract revenues are expected to decline significantly in the next two fiscal
quarters because the activity on the Company's major electric vehicle
development contract is expected to diminish during the fourth quarter of 1996
and ultimately conclude at the end of 1996 with no replacement contract
presently scheduled to follow. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations." In recent years, the stock
markets in general, and the share prices of technology companies in particular,
have experienced extreme fluctuations. These broad market and industry
fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of the Class A Common Stock.
In addition, failure to meet or exceed analysts' expectations of financial
performance may result in immediate and significant price and volume
fluctuations in the Class A Common Stock.
POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
Affiliates of Lon E. Bell, Ph.D., Chief Executive Officer, President,
Chairman of the Board of Directors, founder and a principal shareholder of the
Company, are parties to certain business contracts and arrangements with the
Company. These contracts and arrangements include the Company's lease of a
manufacturing and office facility located in Alameda, California from CALSTART,
a non-profit research
17
and development consortium co-founded by Dr. Bell, several management contracts
pursuant to which the Company manages certain electric vehicle grant programs
obtained by CALSTART and an engineering design services contract pursuant to
which the Company periodically engages Adaptrans, an entity owned by David Bell,
Dr. Bell's son, to provide assistance with the Company's development of its
electric vehicle Energy Management System. In addition, Dr. Bell has extended a
$200,000 working capital loan to the Company, which loan is payable on demand.
See "Certain Transactions." These relationships and transactions, coupled with
Dr. Bell's ownership of a significant percentage of the Company's Class A Common
Stock and his membership on the Board of Directors, could give rise to conflicts
of interest. The Company believes that such affiliate transactions are on terms
no less favorable to the Company than those that could have been obtained from
unaffiliated third parties.
John W. Clark, a director of the Company, is a general partner of an
affiliate of HBI. HBI and DDJ, each major shareholders of the Company, have
threatened various claims against the Company and its directors and officers
arising out of the December 1995 private placement by the Company of 750,000
shares of Class A Common Stock. See "--Legal Proceedings." While to the
Company's knowledge neither HBI nor DDJ has commenced any legal action against
the Company, no assurance can be given that any such legal action will not be
commenced in the future. The relationship of Mr. Clark with HBI, coupled with
the fact that he is a member of the Company's Board of Directors, could give
rise to conflicts of interest.
SIGNIFICANT INFLUENCE OF PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDER
Upon completion of the Offering, the Company's principal shareholder, Dr.
Bell, will beneficially own approximately 31% of the outstanding shares of Class
A Common Stock of the Company (approximately 29% if the Underwriters'
over-allotment option is exercised in full) and, therefore, will have the power
to significantly influence the management and policies of the Company. See
"Principal Shareholders" and "Description of Securities."
ANTI-TAKEOVER EFFECTS OF UNISSUED PREFERRED STOCK
The Company's Board of Directors has the authority to issue up to 5,000,000
shares of Preferred Stock and to determine the price, rights, preferences and
privileges of those shares without any further vote or action by the
shareholders. The rights of the holders of Class A Common Stock will be subject
to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of any shares of
Preferred Stock that may be issued in the future. The issuance of Preferred
Stock, while providing desirable flexibility in connection with possible
acquisitions and other corporate purposes, could have the effect of making it
more difficult for a third party to acquire a majority of the outstanding voting
stock of the Company. However, the Company has no present plans to issue shares
of Preferred Stock. See "Description of Securities-- Preferred Stock."
RISK OF FOREIGN SALES
A substantial percentage of the Company's revenues to date have been from
sales to foreign countries. Accordingly, the Company's business is subject to
many of the risks of international operations, including governmental controls,
tariff restrictions, foreign currency fluctuations and currency control
regulations. However, substantially all sales to foreign countries have been
denominated in U.S. dollars. As such, the Company's historical net exposure to
foreign currency fluctuations has not been material. No assurance can be given
that future contracts will be denominated in U.S. dollars, however.
POTENTIAL ADVERSE EFFECT OF REDEMPTION OF WARRANTS
Commencing one year from the date of this Prospectus, the Class A Warrants
may be redeemed by the Company at a redemption price of $.05 per Warrant upon
not less than 30 days' prior written notice if the
18
closing bid price of the Class A Common Stock shall have averaged in excess of
175% of the Class A Warrant exercise price per share for 30 consecutive trading
days ending within 15 days of the notice. Redemption of the Class A Warrants
could force the holders (i) to exercise the Class A Warrants and pay the
exercise price therefor at a time when it may be disadvantageous for the holders
to do so, (ii) to sell the Class A Warrants at the then current market price
when they might otherwise wish to hold the Class A Warrants, or (iii) to accept
the nominal redemption price which, at the time the Class A Warrants are called
for redemption, is likely to be substantially less than the market value of the
Class A Warrants. See "Description of Securities--Class A Warrants."
CURRENT PROSPECTUS AND STATE REGISTRATION TO EXERCISE WARRANTS
Holders of Class A Warrants will be able to exercise the Class A Warrants
only if (i) a current prospectus under the Securities Act relating to the
securities underlying the Class A Warrants is then in effect and (ii) such
securities are qualified for sale or exempt from qualification under the
applicable securities laws of the states in which the various holders of Class A
Warrants reside. Although the Company has undertaken and intends to use its best
efforts to maintain a current prospectus covering the securities underlying the
Class A Warrants following completion of the Offering to the extent required by
Federal securities laws, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able
to do so. The value of the Class A Warrants may be greatly reduced if a
prospectus covering the securities issuable upon the exercise of the Class A
Warrants is not kept current or if the securities are not qualified, or exempt
from qualification, in the states in which the holders of Class A Warrants
reside. Persons holding Class A Warrants who reside in jurisdictions in which
such securities are not qualified and in which there is no exemption will be
unable to exercise their Class A Warrants and would either have to sell their
Class A Warrants in the open market or allow them to expire unexercised. If and
when the Class A Warrants become redeemable by the terms thereof, the Company
may exercise its redemption right even if it is unable to qualify the underlying
securities for sale under all applicable state securities laws. See "Description
of Securities--Class A Warrants."
POSSIBLE ADVERSE EFFECT ON LIQUIDITY OF THE COMPANY'S SECURITIES DUE TO THE
INVESTIGATION OF D.H. BLAIR INVESTMENT BANKING CORP. AND D.H. BLAIR & CO.,
INC. BY THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
The Commission is conducting an investigation concerning various business
activities of the Underwriter and D.H. Blair & Co., Inc. ("Blair & Co."), a
selling group member which will distribute substantially all of the Units
offered hereby. The investigation appears to be broad in scope, involving
numerous aspects of the Underwriter's and Blair & Co.'s compliance with the
Federal securities laws and compliance with the Federal securities laws by
issuers whose securities were underwritten by the Underwriter or Blair & Co., or
in which the Underwriter or Blair & Co. made over-the-counter markets, persons
associated with the Underwriter or Blair & Co., such issuers and other persons.
The Company has been advised by the Underwriter that the investigation has been
ongoing since at least 1989 and that it is cooperating with the investigation.
The Underwriter cannot predict whether this investigation will ever result in
any type of formal enforcement action against the Underwriter or Blair & Co.,
or, if so, whether any such action might have an adverse effect on the
Underwriter or the securities offered hereby. The Company has been advised that
Blair & Co. intends to continue to make a market in the securities following the
Offering. An unfavorable resolution of the Commission's investigation could have
the effect of limiting such firm's ability to make a market in the Company's
securities, which could adversely affect the liquidity or price of such
securities. See "Underwriting."
ADVERSE EFFECT ON LIQUIDITY ASSOCIATED WITH POSSIBLE RESTRICTIONS ON
MARKET-MAKING ACTIVITIES IN THE COMPANY'S SECURITIES
The Underwriter has advised the Company that Blair & Co., among others,
intends to continue to make a market in the Company's securities. Rule 10b-6
under the Securities Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), may prohibit
Blair & Co. from engaging in any market-making activities with regard to
19
the Company's securities for the period from nine business days (or such other
applicable period as Rule 10b-6 may provide) prior to any solicitation by the
Underwriter of the exercise of Class A Warrants until the later of the
termination of such solicitation activity or the termination (by waiver or
otherwise) of any right that the Underwriter may have to receive a fee for the
exercise of Class A Warrants following such solicitation. As a result, Blair &
Co. may be unable to provide a market for the Company's securities during
certain periods while the Class A Warrants are exercisable. In addition, under
applicable rules and regulations under the Exchange Act, any person engaged in
the distribution of the Selling Securityholder Warrants may not simultaneously
engage in market-making activities with respect to any securities of the Company
for the applicable "cooling off" period (at least two and possibly nine business
days) prior to the commencement of such distribution. Accordingly, in the event
the Underwriter or Blair & Co. is engaged in a distribution of the Selling
Securityholder Warrants, neither of such firms will be able to make a market in
the Company's securities during the applicable restrictive period. Any temporary
cessation of such market-making activities could have an adverse effect on the
market price of the Company's securities. The Commission has recently adopted
Regulation M, which will replace Rule 10b-6 and certain other rules promulgated
under the Exchange Act. Upon its effectiveness in March 1997, Regulation M will
result in, among other things, modifications of (i) the restricted or "cooling
off" periods referenced above from two and nine business days (under current
Rule 10b-6) to one and five business days and (ii) the criteria used to
determine the applicable period. See "Underwriting."
ARBITRARY DETERMINATION OF PRICE AND TERMS OF UNITS
The public offering price of the Units and the exercise price and other
terms of the Class A Warrants have been determined in part by negotiation
between the Company and the Underwriter and are not necessarily related to the
Company's asset value, net worth, results of operations or other established
criteria of value. See "Underwriting."
POSSIBLE DELISTING OF SECURITIES FROM THE NASDAQ STOCK MARKET
While the Company's Class A Common Stock is currently listed on the Nasdaq
SmallCap Market and the Class A Warrants meet the current Nasdaq listing
requirements and are expected to be initially listed on Nasdaq, there can be no
assurance that the Company will meet the criteria for continued listing.
Continued inclusion on the Nasdaq generally requires that (i) the Company
maintain at least $2,000,000 in total assets and $1,000,000 in capital and
surplus, (ii) the minimum bid price of the Common Stock be $1.00 per share,
(iii) there be at least 100,000 shares in the public float valued at $200,000 or
more, (iv) the Common Stock have at least two active market makers and (v) the
Common Stock be held by at least 300 holders. Nasdaq has recently proposed
certain modifications to the listing requirements that would make them even more
stringent. Pursuant to such proposed modifications, continued inclusion on the
Nasdaq would require that (i) the Company maintain (A) net tangible assets
(defined as total assets less total liabilities and goodwill) of at least
$2,000,000, (B) net income of $500,000 in two of the last three years, or (C)
market capitalization of at least $35,000,000, (ii) the minimum bid price of the
Common Stock be $1.00 per share, (iii) there be at least 500,000 shares in the
public float valued at $1,000,000 or more, (iv) the Common Stock have at least
two active market makers and (v) the Common Stock be held by at least 300
holders.
If the Company is unable to satisfy Nasdaq's maintenance requirements, its
securities may be delisted from Nasdaq. In such event, trading, if any, in the
Class A Common Stock and Class A Warrants would thereafter be conducted in the
over-the-counter market in the so-called "pink sheets" or on the NASD's
"Electronic Bulletin Board." Consequently, the liquidity of the Company's
securities could be impaired, not only in the number of securities which could
be bought and sold, but also through delays in the timing of transactions,
reduction in security analysts' and the news media's coverage of the Company and
lower prices for the Company's securities than might otherwise be attained.
20
RISKS OF LOW-PRICED STOCK
If the Company's securities were delisted from Nasdaq (See "--Possible
Delisting of Securities from the Nasdaq Stock Market"), they could become
subject to Rule 15g-9 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, which imposes
additional sales practice requirements on broker-dealers which sell such
securities to persons other than established customers and "accredited
investors" (generally, individuals with net worths in excess of $1,000,000 or
annual incomes exceeding $200,000, or $300,000 together with their spouses). For
transactions covered by this rule, a broker-dealer must make a special
suitability determination for the purchaser and have received the purchaser's
written consent to the transaction prior to sale. Consequently, such rule may
adversely affect the ability of broker-dealers to sell the Company's securities
and may adversely affect the ability of purchasers in the Offering to sell in
the secondary market any of the securities acquired hereby.
Commission regulations define a "penny stock" to be any non-Nasdaq equity
security that has a market price (as therein defined) of less than $5.00 per
share or with an exercise price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to certain
exceptions. For any transaction involving a penny stock, unless exempt, the
rules require delivery, prior to any transaction in a penny stock, of a
disclosure schedule prepared by the Commission relating to the penny stock
market. Disclosure is also required to be made about commissions payable to both
the broker-dealer and the registered representative and current quotations for
the securities. Finally, monthly statements are required to be sent disclosing
recent price information for the penny stock held in the account and information
on the limited market in penny stocks.
The foregoing required penny stock restrictions will not apply to the
Company's securities if such securities are listed on Nasdaq and have certain
price and volume information provided on a current and continuing basis or meet
certain minimum net tangible assets or average revenue criteria. There can be no
assurance that the Company's securities will qualify for exemption from these
restrictions. In any event, even if the Company's securities were exempt from
such restrictions, it would remain subject to Section 15(b)(6) of the Exchange
Act, which gives the Commission the authority to prohibit any person that is
engaged in unlawful conduct while participating in a distribution of a penny
stock from associating with a broker-dealer or participating in a distribution
of a penny stock, if the Commission finds that such a restriction would be in
the public interest. If the Company's securities were subject to the rules on
penny stocks, the market liquidity for the Company's securities could be
severely adversely affected.
21
USE OF PROCEEDS
The net proceeds of the Offering, at an assumed public offering price of
$1,000 per Unit, are estimated to be approximately $12,975,000 ($15,011,250 if
the Over-Allotment Option is exercised in full) after deducting underwriting
discounts and estimated expenses of the Offering. A portion of the net proceeds
will be allocated to the retirement of debt as follows: (i) the Bridge Notes
bearing interest at 10% per annum and due and payable upon the earlier to occur
of the closing of the Offering or October 31, 1997, in the amount of $2,850,000
plus an estimated $75,000 in accrued interest from October 31, 1996 (the
proceeds from which have been and are being used to finance the Company's
operations, including payments to vendors and suppliers and other general and
administrative expenses, pending completion of the Offering); (ii) all
outstanding amounts due under a secured bank line of credit bearing interest at
the bank's "prime rate" plus 1.3% per annum and due and payable December 31,
1996, but which has been extended orally until January 31, 1997 (see
"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations--Liquidity and Capital Resources"), in the amount of approximately
$1,185,000 (the proceeds from which have been and are being used to finance the
Company's performance under a contract to develop passenger electric vehicle
systems for an Asian manufacturing company, and the Company's obligations under
which have been partially guaranteed by Lon E. Bell, Ph.D., Chief Executive
Officer, President and Chairman of the Board of Directors, founder of the
Company and a principal shareholder of the Company); and (iii) the September
1996 working capital loan made by Dr. Bell bearing interest at 8% per annum and
due and payable on demand, in the principal amount of $200,000 (the proceeds
from which were used to augment the Company's short-term working capital). In
addition, the Company intends to apply approximately $100,000 of the net
proceeds of the Offering to pay deferred executive salaries. The Company intends
to apply the balance of the net proceeds of the Offering (approximately
$8,565,000) to fund near-term production engineering, manufacturing, research
and development and marketing of its products, allocated approximately as
follows: $7,065,000 to the Company's thermoelectric heated and cooled seats and
radar for maneuvering and safety technologies, and $1,500,000 to the Company's
electric vehicle components and production systems technologies and voice
interactive navigation and entertainment. To the extent that the Company has net
proceeds from the Offering that it is not able to use for the foregoing
purposes, the Company intends to use such net proceeds for general corporate
purposes. Pending the uses described above, the net proceeds of the Offering
will be invested in short-term interest-bearing securities or money market
funds.
The following table sets forth the anticipated approximate uses of the net
proceeds from the Offering as described above:
% OF NET
$ AMOUNT PROCEEDS
------------- --------------
Retirement of Debt:
Repayment of Bridge Notes (with interest)............................... $ 2,925,000 22.5%
Repayment of Secured Credit Line........................................ 1,185,000 9.1
Repayment of Working Capital Loan from Dr. Bell......................... 200,000 1.5
-------------
Total Debt Retirement............................................... 4,310,000 33.1
Payment of Deferred Executive Salaries.................................... 100,000 0.8
Working Capital(1):
Thermoelectric Heated and Cooled Seats/Radar............................ 7,065,000 54.5
Electric Vehicle Components and Production Systems and IVS-TM-.......... 1,500,000 11.6
-------------
Total Working Capital............................................... 8,565,000 66.1
------------- -----
Total All Uses............................................................ $ 12,975,000 100.0%
------------- -----
------------- -----
- ------------------------
(1) Consists of operating expenses, including production, engineering,
manufacturing, research and development, marketing costs and corporate
overhead.
22
The amounts and timing of such expenditures may vary significantly depending
upon numerous factors, including the progress of the Company's research and
development programs, the timing of development contracts and grant funding, if
any, technological advances, determinations as to commercial potential and the
status of competitive products. Expenditures may also be dependent upon the
establishment of strategic arrangements with other companies, the availability
of financing and other factors. Subject to the variables set forth above, the
Company anticipates that the net proceeds of this Offering, together with its
existing resources, should be sufficient to finance its working capital
requirements for approximately the next 12 months.
DILUTION
The following discussion and tables allocate no value to the Class A
Warrants and assume no exercise of the Underwriter's Over-Allotment Option.
As of September 30, 1996, the Company had a net tangible book value of
$1,004,000 or approximately $.25 per share of Class A Common Stock. Net tangible
book value per share represents the amount of the Company's total tangible
assets, less liabilities, divided by the number of shares of Class A Common
Stock outstanding (excluding the Escrow Shares). Giving retroactive effect to
the sale of the 15,000 Units offered hereby at an assumed offering price of
$1,000 per Unit, and giving pro forma effect to the $500,000 charge to
operations to be incurred upon repayment of the Bridge Notes, the pro forma net
tangible book value at September 30, 1996 would have been $1.65 per share,
representing an immediate increase in net tangible book value of $1.40 per share
to the present shareholders and an immediate dilution of $1.92 per share to new
investors from the public offering price. Dilution per share represents the
difference between the public offering price and the pro forma net tangible book
per share value after the Offering.
The following table illustrates the per share dilution to be incurred by
public investors from the public offering price:
Assumed public offering price per share of Class A Common Stock................ $ 3.57
Net tangible book value before Offering.................................... .25
Increase attributable to new investors..................................... 1.40
---
Pro forma net tangible book value after Offering............................... 1.65
---------
Dilution of net tangible book value to new investors........................... $ 1.92
---------
---------
The following table sets forth the difference between the present
shareholders and the public investors with respect to the number of shares of
Class A Common Stock purchased from the Company, the total consideration paid
and the average price per share:
PERCENT OF PERCENT OF AVERAGE PRICE
NUMBER TOTAL AMOUNT TOTAL PER SHARE
-------------- ------------ ------------- ------------ ---------------
Current Shareholders........................ 4,068,500(1) 49% $ 20,045,000 57% $ 4.93
Investors in the Offering................... 4,200,000 51% 15,000,000 43% $ 3.57
-------------- ----- ------------- -----
8,268,500(1) 100.0% $ 35,045,000 100.0%
-------------- ----- ------------- -----
-------------- ----- ------------- -----
- ------------------------
(1) Excludes the Escrow Shares. See "Principal Shareholders--Escrow Shares."
23
PRICE RANGE OF COMMON STOCK AND DIVIDENDS
The Company's Class A Common Stock has traded on the Nasdaq SmallCap Market
under the symbol ARGNA since June 10, 1993. The Company has applied for
inclusion of the Class A Warrants on the Nasdaq SmallCap Market. The Units will
not be listed or traded separately on Nasdaq. The following table sets forth the
high and low bid prices for the Class A Common Stock as reported on the Nasdaq
SmallCap Market for each quarterly period (or part thereof) from the beginning
of the first quarter of 1994 through December 31, 1996.
HIGH LOW
--------- ---------
1994
1st Quarter.............................................................. $ 10.00 $ 7.50
2nd Quarter.............................................................. 9.75 8.00
3rd Quarter.............................................................. 10.00 9.00
4th Quarter.............................................................. 12.00 9.75
1995
1st Quarter.............................................................. 13.50 9.50
2nd Quarter.............................................................. 10.50 9.50
3rd Quarter.............................................................. 12.50 9.00
4th Quarter.............................................................. 11.25 10.25
1996
1st Quarter.............................................................. 10.75 10.00
2nd Quarter.............................................................. 12.00 9.00
3rd Quarter.............................................................. 11.00 7.25
4th Quarter.............................................................. 7.00 4.75
The last reported sales price of the Class A Common Stock on the Nasdaq
SmallCap Market on January 14, 1997 was $5.50 per share. As of January 14, 1997,
there were approximately 50 holders of record of the Class A Common Stock (not
including beneficial owners holding shares in nominee accounts).
The Company has not paid any cash dividends since its formation and, given
its present financial status and its anticipated financial requirements, does
not expect to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. In addition, the
terms of the Company's secured bank line of credit prohibit the payment of cash
dividends. The Company intends to apply a portion of the net proceeds of the
Offering to pay off such line of credit. See "Use of Proceeds." It is
anticipated that earnings, if any, which may be generated from operations will
be used to finance the operations of the Company.
24
CAPITALIZATION
The following table sets forth (i) the capitalization of the Company at
September 30, 1996, (ii) the pro forma capitalization of the Company at
September 30, 1996 giving effect to the Bridge Financing as if it had occurred
on that date and (iii) the pro forma capitalization of the Company at September
30, 1996 as adjusted at that date to give effect to the sale of the Units
offered hereby at an assumed offering price of $1,000 per unit (and the
application of the net proceeds therefrom). See "Use of Proceeds," "Management's
Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition" and
the financial statements of the Company and related notes thereto included
elsewhere in this Prospectus.
SEPTEMBER 30, 1996
(IN THOUSANDS)
-------------------------------------------
PRO FORMA
PRO FORMA (AS
ACTUAL (1)(2) ADJUSTED)(1)(3)
---------- ----------- ------------------
Short term debt
Capital lease--short term portion................................... $ 19 $ 19 $ 19
Note payable to shareholder......................................... 200 200 --
Bank loan payable................................................... 2,532 2,532 1,347
10% Notes payable(4)................................................ -- 2,850 --
10% Convertible subordinated debentures(4).......................... -- 150 --
---------- ----------- --------
Total short term debt................................................. 2,751 5,751 1,366
---------- ----------- --------
Long term portion of capital lease.................................... 50 50 50
Shareholders' equity
Preferred stock, no par value;
5,000,000 shares authorized, none issued.......................... -- -- --
Common stock:
Class A, no par value; 17,000,000 shares authorized and 4,068,500
shares issued and outstanding actual and pro forma, excluding
3,000,000 shares issued and held in escrow; 17,000,000 shares
authorized and 8,268,500 shares issued and outstanding,
excluding 3,000,000 shares issued and held in escrow, as
adjusted........................................................ 17,321 17,321 30,296
Class B, no par value; 3,000,000 shares authorized, none issued... -- -- --
Warrants to purchase common stock................................. -- -- 150
Contributed capital............................................... 3,115 3,115 3,115
Deficit accumulated during development stage(2)................... (19,432) (19,432) (19,932)
---------- ----------- --------
Total shareholders' equity........................................ 1,004 1,004 13,629
---------- ----------- --------
Total capitalization.................................................. $ 3,805 $ 6,805 $ 15,045
---------- ----------- --------
---------- ----------- --------
- ------------------------
(1) Does not include (i) 1,260,000 shares of Class A Common Stock issuable upon
exercise of the Over-Allotment Option and the Class A Warrants included in
the Units issuable upon exercise of the Over-Allotment Option; (ii)
4,200,000 shares of Class A Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Class
A Warrants included in the Units offered hereby; (iii) 840,000 shares of
Class A Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Unit Purchase Option and
the Class A Warrants included in the Units included in the Unit Purchase
Option; (iv) 286,659 shares of Class A Common Stock issuable upon exercise
of outstanding warrants; (v) 530,000 shares of Class A Common Stock
presently reserved for issuance under the Company's 1993 Stock Option Plan,
as amended, under which options to purchase 312,236 shares of Class A Common
Stock are outstanding. "Description of Securities" and "Underwriting."
25
(2) Gives pro forma effect to the October 1996 issuance of the Bridge Units, net
of approximately $500,000 of issuance costs, as if the issuance had occurred
as of September 30, 1996. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations--Liquidity and Capital
Resources."
(3) As adjusted to give effect to the sale of the 15,000 Units offered hereby at
an assumed offering price of $1,000 per Unit and the application of the net
proceeds therefrom (including the automatic conversion of the Bridge
Debentures into Class A Warrants, the repayment of the principal on the
Bridge Notes and the corresponding charge to operations upon repayment
thereof estimated at $500,000). See "Use of Proceeds" and "Management's
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations--Liquidity and Capital Resources."
(4) The Bridge Notes and Bridge Debentures are payable on the earlier of the
closing of this Offering or October 31, 1997; provided that the Bridge
Debentures will automatically convert upon the closing of the Offering into
an aggregate of 1,620,000 Selling Securityholder Warrants.
BRIDGE FINANCING
In October 1996, the Company completed the Bridge Financing from which it
received net proceeds of approximately $2,500,000. The Bridge Notes and the
Bridge Debentures are payable, together with interest at the rate of 10% per
annum, on the earlier of October 31, 1997 or the closing of the Offering. See
"Use of Proceeds." The Bridge Debentures are convertible upon the Closing of the
Offering into the Selling Securityholder Warrants, each of which will be
identical to the Class A Warrants included in the Units offered hereby, and
which will entitle the holders thereof to purchase an aggregate of 1,620,000
shares of Class A Common Stock. The Company has agreed to register subsequent to
the Offering for resale the Selling Securityholder Securities, subject to the
contractual restriction that the Selling Securityholders have agreed not to
exercise the Selling Securityholder Warrants for a period of one year from the
closing of the Offering and not to sell the Selling Securityholder Warrants
except after specified periods commencing 90 days after the closing date of the
Offering. See "Subsequent Offering."
26
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The selected financial data of the Company presented below as of and for the
four years ended December 31, 1995, as of and for the period April 23, 1991
(Inception) to December 31, 1991 and for the period April 23, 1991 (Inception)
to December 31, 1995 have been derived from the audited financial statements of
the Company. The selected financial data of the Company presented below at
September 30, 1996 and for the nine months ended September 30, 1995 and 1996 and
for the period April 23, 1991 (Inception) to September 30, 1996 have been
derived from unaudited financial statements of the Company and, in the opinion
of management, include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring
adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of the results for the unaudited
interim periods. The results of operations for the nine months ended September
30, 1996 are not necessarily indicative of future results of operations. The
selected financial data presented below should be read in conjunction with the
financial statements and related notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this
Prospectus and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations."
NINE MONTHS
PERIOD FROM PERIOD FROM ENDED
APRIL 23, 1991 FISCAL YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, APRIL 23, 1991 -------------
(INCEPTION) TO ------------------------------------------ (INCEPTION) TO SEPTEMBER 30,
DECEMBER 31, 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 DECEMBER 31, 1995 1995
------------------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ----------------- -------------
(IN THOUSANDS EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
OPERATING DATA:
Total revenues............ $ -- $ 1,900 $ 2,289 $ 2,640 $ 7,809 $ 14,638 $ 4,806
Costs and expenses:
Direct development
contract and related
grant costs........... -- -- 525 928 5,332 6,785 3,895
Direct grant costs...... 84 1,647 1,649 803 339 4,522 390
Research and
development........... 221 356 1,578 2,137 2,367 6,659 1,785
Selling, general and
administrative,
including reimbursable
administrative
costs................. 311 1,356 2,340 3,235 3,135 10,377 1,820
------ --------- --------- --------- --------- -------- -------------
Total costs and
expenses................ 616 3,359 6,092 7,103 11,173 28,343 7,890
------ --------- --------- --------- --------- -------- -------------
Operating Loss............ (616) (1,459) (3,803) (4,463) (3,364) (13,705) (3,084)
Interest Income........... -- -- 163 228 127 518 124
Interest Expense.......... -- -- -- -- -- -- --
------ --------- --------- --------- --------- -------- -------------
Net loss.................. $ (616) $ (1,459) $ (3,640) $ (4,235) $ (3,237) $ (13,187) $ (2,960)
------ --------- --------- --------- --------- -------- -------------
------ --------- --------- --------- --------- -------- -------------
Net loss per share........ $ (.61) $ (1.46) $ (1.64) $ (1.28) $ (.98) -- $ (0.90)
Weighted average number of
shares outstanding...... 1,000 1,000 2,213 3,300 3,306 -- 3,300
Supplemental pro forma net
loss per share (1)...... -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Supplemental pro forma
weighted average shares
outstanding (1)......... -- -- -- -- -- -- --
PERIOD FROM
APRIL 23, 1991
SEPTEMBER 30, (INCEPTION) TO
1996 SEPTEMBER 30, 1996
------------- ------------------
OPERATING DATA:
Total revenues............ $ 6,501 $ 21,139
Costs and expenses:
Direct development
contract and related
grant costs........... 9,142 15,927
Direct grant costs...... 101 4,623
Research and
development........... 1,544 8,203
Selling, general and
administrative,
including reimbursable
administrative
costs................. 1,838 12,215
------------- --------
Total costs and
expenses................ 12,625 40,968
------------- --------
Operating Loss............ (6,124) (19,829)
Interest Income........... 42 560
Interest Expense.......... (163) (163)
------------- --------
Net loss.................. $ (6,245) $ (19,432)
------------- --------
------------- --------
Net loss per share........ $ (1.54) --
Weighted average number of
shares outstanding...... 4,060 --
Supplemental pro forma net
loss per share (1)...... $ (1.44) --
Supplemental pro forma
weighted average shares
outstanding (1)......... 4,294 --
AS OF DECEMBER 31,
-----------------------------------------------------
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
--------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
(IN THOUSANDS)
BALANCE SHEET DATA:
Working capital (deficit).......................................... $ (438) $ (1,644) $ 8,833 $ 4,149 $ 6,481
Total assets....................................................... 55 969 9,721 7,162 8,995
Long-term debt..................................................... -- -- -- 78 68
Total liabilities.................................................. 460 2,494 701 2,376 1,797
Deficit accumulated during development stage....................... (616) (2,075) (5,715) (9,950) (13,187)
Total shareholders' equity (accumulated deficit)................... (405) (1,525) 9,020 4,786 7,198
AS OF
SEPTEMBER 30, 1996
------------------
BALANCE SHEET DATA:
Working capital (deficit).......................................... $ 351
Total assets....................................................... 5,876
Long-term debt..................................................... 50
Total liabilities.................................................. 4,872
Deficit accumulated during development stage....................... (19,432)
Total shareholders' equity (accumulated deficit)................... 1,004
- ----------------------------------
(1) Supplemental pro forma net loss per share and supplemental pro forma
weighted average shares outstanding reflect the anticipated application of a
portion of the proceeds of the Offering to repay the bank line of credit as
described in "Use of Proceeds" as if such repayment occurred as of its
issuance date (April 18, 1996). Supplemental pro forma net loss per share
for the year ended December 31, 1995 has not been presented since there were
no borrowings outstanding on the bank line of credit at December 31, 1995.
27
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the
financial statements of the Company and related notes thereto appearing
elsewhere in this Prospectus, and is qualified in its entirety by the same and
by other more detailed financial information appearing elsewhere in this
Prospectus.
OVERVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT STAGE ACTIVITIES
The Company's operations during the development stage have focused on the
research and development of technologies to adapt them for a variety of uses in
the automotive industry. Generally, the Company licenses the rights to these
technologies from the holders of the related patents. As development proceeds,
the Company seeks to generate revenues from the sale of prototypes, then from
specific development contracts, pre-production orders and, ultimately,
production orders. The benefit of prototype sales is to gain experience and
information regarding the performance of the prototypes and to develop customer
interest in and comfort with the technology. Development contracts are from
customers interested in developing a particular use or project using the
Company's technologies and are generally longer term activities (from six months
to one year) involving, in some cases, pre-production orders of larger
quantities of the product for final testing by the customer before submitting a
production order. Revenues obtained as grant funding from government agencies
interested in promoting the technologies for specific tasks or projects, and
development funds from prototype sales to customers help offset the development
expenses overall. Throughout the development stage, development costs and
administrative expenses have and are expected to continue to exceed the revenues
from customers and from grant agencies.
The Company received no funds to offset its development expenses from any
funding source in 1991 and, in 1992, secured its first outside grant funding
totaling $1,900,000. In 1993, the Company sold $188,000 in prototypes of its
developing technology adaptations and, in addition, recorded $2,101,000 in grant
revenue. In 1994, the sale of prototypes increased and the Company recorded its
first development contract revenues, increasing revenues from these sources to
$1,336,000. Grant revenues became less important as a source of total revenues,
decreasing in 1994 to 49% of total revenues from 92% in 1993. In 1995, the
Company recorded development funding revenue from customers of $5,418,000 plus
related grant funds of $1,872,000. The Company also recorded additional grant
revenue of $519,000.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 1996 COMPARED TO NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER
30, 1995
REVENUES. Revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 1996 ("1996")
were $6,501,000 as compared with revenues of $4,806,000 in the nine months ended
September 30, 1995. Approximately $5,535,000 of 1996 revenue relates to a single
electric vehicle development contract and related grants, which is an increase
of approximately $1,871,000 over 1995. Development contract revenues are
expected to decline significantly in the next two fiscal quarters because the
activity on the major electric vehicle development contract is expected to
diminish during the fourth quarter of 1996 and ultimately conclude at the end of
1996 with no replacement contract presently scheduled to follow. Therefore, the
Company does not expect any revenues from this major electric vehicle
development contract in 1997. The percentage of completion method of accounting
is used for this contract and, accordingly, revenues and gross profit are
recognized as work is performed based on the relationship between actual costs
incurred and total estimated costs at completion. Revenues and gross profit are
recognized prospectively after taking into account revisions in estimated total
contract costs and contract values, and estimated losses are recorded when
identified. As discussed below, the Company recorded a charge to operations of
approximately $1,625,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 1996 to
provide for the ultimate estimated loss expected on the contract. Grant revenue
is recorded when reimbursable costs are incurred.
28
The level of activity in the contract involved considerably more labor and
material expenses in 1996 compared to the beginning stages of the contract in
1995, when engineering design was the principal activity. In 1996, two
prototypes of the vehicle to be built under the contract were constructed and
improved with design modification changes. Kits for all vehicle frames with
motor controllers required under the contract were completed and shipped to the
customer and final tooling for body panels and interior portions of the vehicle
and remaining parts were being ordered.
During 1996, development continued on the Company's climate control seat
system and radar system, some of which was funded pursuant to development
contracts. The magnitude of the revenues recognized for the development of the
seat systems, radar systems and for the sale of IVS products in 1996 was
$847,000, compared to $727,000 in 1995. The Company began selling IVS-TM-
products in December 1995. Demand for the IVS-TM- product in 1996 was weak.
Grant revenues in 1996 of approximately $119,000 were related to new grants
for the IVS-TM- and radar products, compared to $480,000 in 1995 that were
related to two prior electric vehicle projects and a project in the seat systems
area. Certain other grant revenues that are related to the electric vehicle
development have been combined with the development contract revenue. These
grant revenues totaled $815,000 in 1996 compared to $872,000 in 1995.
DIRECT DEVELOPMENT CONTRACT AND RELATED GRANT COSTS. Direct development
contract and related grant costs increased to $9,142,000 in 1996 from $3,895,000
in 1995 due to the increased activity in the Company's electric vehicle program.
Included in these costs are costs related to the commercial sales of IVS-TM-
products totaling $490,000 in 1996. Commercial sales of the IVS-TM- products
commenced in December of 1995. See "Business--Electric Vehicles." In 1996, two
prototypes of the vehicle were constructed and improved with design modification
changes, kits for all vehicle frames with motor controllers were completed and
shipped to the customer, and final tooling for body panels and interior portions
of the vehicle and remaining parts were being ordered. In 1995, engineering
design was the principal activity. The amount for 1996 includes a provision of
$1,625,000 for the ultimate loss expected on the Company's major electric
vehicle contract that was provided for primarily in the second quarter of 1996.
The cost overruns were caused by unanticipated design and development problems
and continued delays in the completion of the contract, as well as other
factors, which resulted in higher labor costs together with higher than expected
tooling and material costs.
DIRECT GRANT COSTS. Direct Grant Costs in 1996 were $101,000 compared to
$390,000 in 1995. These costs are related to the projects for which grant
revenues are reported. The decrease in amount reflects the reduction in grant
project activities during 1996.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EXPENSES. Research and development expenses were
$1,544,000 in 1996 compared to $1,785,000 in 1995. These expenses represent
unfunded research and development expenses. Expenses of research and development
projects that are specifically funded by development contracts from customers
are classified under direct development contract and related grant costs or
direct grant costs. The Company's research and development expenses fluctuate
significantly from period to period, due to both changing levels of activity and
changes in the amount of such activities that are covered by customer contracts
or grants. Where possible, the Company seeks funding from third parties for its
research and development activities.
SELLING, GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE ("SG&A") EXPENSES. SG&A expenses were
$1,838,000 in 1996 compared to $1,820,000 in 1995. Direct and indirect overhead
expenses included in SG&A which are associated with development contracts are
allocated to such contracts.
INTEREST INCOME (EXPENSE). The interest expense in 1996 is related to the
bank line of credit obtained to finance work on the major electric vehicle
contract. There was no such loan in 1995. Interest income decreased to $42,000
in 1996 compared to $124,000 in 1995 reflecting the overall lower cash balance
during 1996.
29
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1995 COMPARED TO YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1994
Total revenues increased by $5,169,000 to $7,809,000 in the year ended
December 31, 1995 from the year ended December 31, 1994 due to the increase in
development contract work for customers. Development contract revenues including
revenues from the sales of prototypes increased to $7,290,000, which includes
$1,872,000 of grant funding related to these development activities, compared to
$1,336,000 in 1994. The substantial increase in development revenues is
primarily attributable to revenues in 1995 from the Company's electric vehicle
development contract which were $4,040,000 compared to $48,000 in 1994. These
contracts are related to orders for prototype models and kits to make
approximately 50 electric vehicles. Grant revenue from activities not related to
development contracts decreased from $1,304,000 in 1994 to $519,000 in 1995 due
to the completion in 1994 of three grants accounting for $577,000 of the
decrease and due to the decrease in billings for two other grants.
Direct costs for development contracts and related grants increased from
$928,000 in 1994 to $5,332,000 in 1995 primarily as a result of the Company's
electric vehicle development contract together with development contract costs
in the climate control seat and radar programs. In the electric vehicle program
the costs primarily consisted of tooling costs for prototype materials, internal
and external engineering services and consulting. In 1995, the amount for direct
development contract and related grant costs includes $491,000 with respect to
the commercial sales of IVS-TM- products that commenced in December of 1995.
Direct costs for grants decreased from $803,000 in 1994 to $339,000 in 1995, due
to the decrease in the number of and activity under grants as described above.
Research and development expenses include the unfunded portion of direct
wages of Company engineers and technicians, outside consultants, prototype
tooling and prototype materials. Such expenses increased from $2,137,000 in 1994
to $2,367,000 in 1995 primarily due to costs associated with completing the
development of the Company's IVS-TM- product. Included in the research and
development expenses are fees for licenses and royalties of $248,000 in 1994 and
$345,000 in 1995. Research and development is expected to continue at high
levels as work continues toward the commercialization of the Company's electric
vehicle, radar and seat products as well as on improvements to the IVS-TM-
product.
SG&A decreased from $3,235,000 in 1994 to $3,135,000 in 1995. Increases in
rent, legal expenses, sales commissions and depreciation were offset by
decreases in the provision for doubtful accounts and recruiting expenses.
Interest income decreased from $228,000 in 1994 to $127,000 in 1995 due to the
lower amount of invested cash in 1995.
Future fiscal periods will be negatively impacted to the extent the Company
incurs charges to income resulting from the vesting of options granted at prices
below fair market value on date of grant and the vesting of performance options
on the date such performance goals are attained (See Note 8 of Notes to the
Financial Statements). Substantial charges to income will also be incurred at
such time that financial or per share targets for the release of shares held in
escrow are met (See Note 7 of Notes to the Financial Statements).
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1994 COMPARED TO YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1993
Total revenues increased from $2,289,000 in the year ended December 31, 1993
to $2,640,000 in the year ended December 31, 1994. Revenues for 1994 included
$1,336,000 in development contracts from customers compared to $188,000 in 1993.
The increase in sales of prototypes and development contract revenue compared to
1993 is because the Company's products were further along in the development
cycle and due to increased marketing efforts which expanded in 1994. Also, the
Company was able to offer more advanced prototypes of the Company's products to
automotive manufacturers for testing and analysis. Revenue from grants decreased
from $2,101,000 in 1993 to $1,304,000 in 1994 due to an electric vehicle
"Showcase" grant program completed in 1993 with a grant-funded follow-on program
that began in 1993 and was completed in the first half of 1994.
Direct costs for development contracts and related grants increased from
$525,000 in 1993 to $928,000 in 1994. The increase is due to the increased
numbers of customer prototypes. In 1993, the costs of producing prototypes was
greater relative to the related revenues because the state of development and
30
ease of production was not as advanced as in 1994, and also because the Company
was not able to charge as much to customers as in 1994.
Research and development expenses increased from $1,578,000 in 1993 to
$2,137,000 in 1994 due to accelerated development of its products, primarily the
IVS-TM- System, Climate Controlled Seat System and the Ultra Wideband Radar
products. Research and Development activities provide benefit to some of the
specific prototypes sold and development contracts since most of the technology
is common within a product line. Included in these expenses in 1994 was $248,000
in license acquisition costs and minimum royalties related to the IVS-TM-, the
Climate Controlled Seat and the radar technology.
SG&A expenses increased from $2,340,000 in 1993 to $3,235,000 in 1994
primarily due to the hiring of additional personnel (from approximately 43 to
69), development of a marketing department and marketing activities, and other
increases in administrative expenses in support of the increases in development
activities. Many of these increases in activities initially occurred in the
second six months of 1993, but had a full year effect in 1994. In addition, SG&A
expenses increased in 1994 by approximately $189,000 due to the start of the
lease in February 1994 at the present location. Previously, the Company occupied
office space at minimal expense. SG&A expenses in 1993 included $549,000 in
compensation expense related to the granting of stock options compared to $1,000
of such expenses in 1994.
Interest income of $163,000 was earned in 1993 on invested cash as compared
with $228,000 in 1994. The net loss increased from $3,640,000 in 1993 to
$4,235,000 in 1994 due primarily to the increase in development activity
expenses relative to the amount of grant and customer funding obtained, and, in
part, to the increases in selling expenses to increase that activity and to the
increase in costs associated with being in a new facility for the full year in
1994.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
At September 30, 1996, the Company had working capital of $351,000. The
Company's principal sources of operating capital have been the proceeds of its
initial public offering in September 1993, the private placement of common stock
in December 1995 and the October 1996 Bridge Financing discussed below, together
with revenues from grants, development contracts and the sale of prototypes to
customers. To a lesser extent, the Company received capital contributions from
the Company's principal shareholders before becoming a public company and has
received loans from the Company's Chief Executive Officer and principal
shareholder subsequent to such date.
Cash and cash equivalents decreased by $4,218,000 during the period from
December 31, 1995 to September 30, 1996. Operating activities used $6,796,000,
of which $6,245,000 was for the operating loss, $1,098,000 was for the increase
in unbilled revenues and accounts receivable (primarily related to the
development contract and grant related to the Company's electric vehicle
program), and $700,000 was related to work in anticipation of a proposed joint
venture company in India. Reductions of $501,000 in prepaid expenses and other
assets related to the electric vehicle program and increases in accounts payable
of $410,000 partially offset the other uses of cash for operating activities.
Investing activities used $187,000 related to the purchase of property and
equipment.
Financing activities provided $2,765,000, of which $2,532,000, net of
repayments, was from borrowing under a bank line of credit established to
finance the cash flows of the major electric vehicle contract. The line of
credit expired by its terms but was extended orally until January 31, 1997. The
Company has sought, and the bank has advised the Company that it will soon
deliver, a written extension to such date. As of September 30, 1996, the Company
was in violation of certain financial and other covenants contained in the loan
agreement. However, the bank has agreed to waive its rights and remedies with
respect to some of such violations and has agreed orally to forbear until
January 31, 1997 from exercising its rights and remedies with respect to all
others. The Company has sought, and the bank has advised the Company that it
will soon deliver, a written forbearance to such date. However, the delivery of
such a written forbearance cannot be assured. See "Risk Factors--Default Under
Bank Credit Line." The Company has agreed that it
31
will not be entitled to make any further borrowings under the line of credit. A
portion of the proceeds of the Offering will be applied to repayment of
obligations incurred by the Company under the credit line. See "Use of
Proceeds."
The Company expects to incur losses for the foreseeable future due to the
continuing cost of its product development and marketing activities. To fund its
operations, the Company will continue to need cash from financing sources unless
and until such time as sufficient profitable production contracts are obtained.
Cash inflows during the development and early stage production period are
dependent upon achieving certain billing milestones under existing development
contracts and grants, and on obtaining new production and/or development
contracts. Cash outflows are dependent upon the level and timing of production
and/or development work and the amount of research and development and overhead
expenses. Cash inflows must be supplemented by cash from debt and/or equity
financing.
Subsequent to September 30, 1996, the Company's working capital diminished
to almost zero. In October 1996, the Company completed the Bridge Financing. The
Bridge Debentures will, upon completion of the Offering, automatically convert
into an aggregate of 1,620,000 Class A Warrants. The net proceeds to the Company
from the Bridge Financing were approximately $2,500,000, net of costs of
issuance of approximately $500,000. A portion of the proceeds of the Offering
will be applied to repayment of the Bridge Notes. See "Use of Proceeds." A
substantial portion of the costs of issuance of the Bridge Financing will be
charged to operations upon repayment of the Bridge Notes.
If and when the Company is able to commence commercial production of its
heated and cooled seat or radar products, the Company will incur significant
expenses for tooling product parts and to set up manufacturing and/or assembly
processes. The Company also expects to require significant capital to fund other
near-term production engineering and manufacturing, as well as research and
development and marketing, of these products. Moreover, the licensing agreements
for the Company's current and potential future rights to licensed technology
generally require the payment of minimum royalties. For the fiscal year ended
December 31, 1996, the Company paid a total of approximately $140,000 in
royalties. In the event the Company is unable to pay such royalties or otherwise
breaches such licensing agreements in the future, the Company would lose its
rights to the licensed technology, which would have a material adverse effect on
the Company's business. The Company anticipates that its existing capital
resources, together with the net proceeds from the Offering, will be sufficient
to meet all of these capital needs for approximately the next twelve months.
Over the long-term, the Company expects to continue to expend substantial
funds to continue its development efforts. The Company has experienced negative
cash flow since its inception and has not generated, and does not expect to
generate in the foreseeable future, sufficient revenues from the sales of its
principal products to cover its operating expenses or to finance such further
development efforts. Accordingly, the Company expects that significant
additional financing will be necessary to fund the Company's long-term
operations. See "Risk Factors--Need for Additional Financing."
Except for the historical information contained herein, the matters
discussed above include forward looking statements that involve risks and
uncertainties, including with respect to the electric vehicle project, potential
further delays in the completion of the contract, unanticipated costs associated
with the project which may cause the estimated loss to increase, unanticipated
product design problems and inability to obtain a financial or strategic
partner, and with respect to the overall operations and expected future
operating losses, the timing and amount of financing required to continue
operations, and other risks detailed from time to time in the Company's other
filings with the Commission.
CHARGES TO INCOME
During the fourth quarter of 1996, the Company will incur a charge of
approximately $700,000 related to costs incurred in connection with the
Company's proposed Indian joint venture. See "Risk Factors-- Lack of Capital to
Fund Proposed Electric Vehicle Joint Venture; Strategy Untested; Write-off of
32
Capitalized Expenses in 1996 Fourth Quarter" and "--Potential Charges to
Income." In addition, the Company expects to incur a non-recurring charge to
operations in each fiscal quarter up to and including the fiscal quarter in
which the closing of the Offering occurs relating to the repayment of the Bridge
Notes and associated costs of their issuance the aggregate amount of which,
together with the charge the Company will incur upon the repayment of the Bridge
Notes, will be approximately $500,000.
In the event any Escrow Shares are released from escrow to persons who are
officers and other employees of the Company, compensation expense will be
recorded for financial reporting purposes. Therefore, in the event the Company
attains any of the earnings thresholds required for the release of Escrow Shares
from escrow, such release will be deemed additional compensation expense of the
Company and the Company will recognize during the periods in which the earnings
thresholds are met or are probable of being met or such minimum bid prices
attained what will likely be one or more substantial charges which would have
the effect of substantially increasing the Company's loss or reducing or
eliminating earnings, if any, at such time. Although the amount of compensation
expense recognized by the Company will not affect the Company's total
shareholders' equity or its working capital, it may have a depressive effect on
the market price of the Company's common stock.
33
BUSINESS
GENERAL
Amerigon is a development stage company formed in 1991 to develop,
manufacture and market proprietary high technology automotive components and
systems for sale to automobile and other original equipment manufacturers. The
Company's business strategy is to apply aerospace and defense industry
technology to products for the automotive market. The Company has principally
focused on developing proprietary positions in the following technologies: (i)
thermoelectric heated and cooled seats; (ii) radar for maneuvering and safety;
(iii) voice interactive navigation and entertainment; and (iv) electric vehicle
components and production systems.
The Company has substantially completed development of the first generation
of IVS-TM-. The IVS-TM- provides spoken-word navigation directions to driver and
passengers using an in-vehicle compact audio disc system. To date, the IVS-TM-
product has not been commercially successful and likely would require
substantial further development before it could be expected to achieve
significant sales. The Company is presently seeking to sell the IVS-TM- product
line and the Company's interests in related technology or to find a strategic or
financial partner to help further develop and market the IVS-TM- product. If the
Company is unable to consummate such a sale or arrange such a relationship in
the near future, the Company plans to discontinue sales and further development
of the IVS-TM- and related technology. See "Risk Factors-- Possible Termination
of License of Voice Recognition Software Technology."
The Company's other products are in various stages of development. The
Company is presently working with three of the world's largest automotive
original equipment manufacturers on pre-production development programs for
heated and cooled seats. In addition, the Company has sold multiple prototypes
of its heated and cooled seats and radar for maneuvering and safety to potential
customers for evaluation and demonstration.
The Company was founded on the premise that technology proven for use in the
defense and aerospace industries could be successfully adapted to the automotive
and transportation industries. Amerigon has focused on technologies that it
believes can be readily adapted to automotive needs for advanced vehicle
electronics and for electric vehicle systems. The Company seeks to avoid direct
competition with established automotive suppliers of commodity products by
identifying market opportunities where the need for rapid technological change
gives an edge to new market entrants with proprietary products.
The Company has recently determined to focus its resources primarily on
developing its heated and cooled seat and radar for maneuvering and safety
technologies. The Company has adopted this strategy primarily because the
Company believes that the markets for these products have greater near-term
potential than the markets for its other products, and because these
technologies afford the Company its best opportunities to exploit competitive
advantages over rival companies. The Company also would expect continued
necessary development and marketing of the Company's voice interactive
navigation technologies and electric vehicle systems to entail very high costs,
to the point that they would likely exceed the Company's financial resources.
Even if the Company were able to overcome this financial challenge, management
also believes that the Company might not be able to develop and successfully
market the next generation of IVS-TM-, and might not be able to successfully
develop and profitably manufacture electric vehicles or their components,
without commercial or technical assistance from one or more strategic partners.
Accordingly, the Company is presently seeking to sell the IVS-TM- product line
and the Company's interests in related technology or to find a strategic or
financial partner to help further develop and market the IVS-TM- product. If the
Company is unable to consummate such a sale or arrange such a relationship in
the near future, the Company plans to discontinue sales and further development
of the IVS-TM- and related technology. The Company is also presently seeking
strategic and financial partners to help support continued development and
marketing of the Company's electric vehicle systems. If the Company is unable to
arrange such a relationship in the near term, the Company will attempt to sell
its proprietary interests
34
and other assets in and relating to its electric vehicle technology or abandon
their development. See "Risk Factors--Possible Disposition or Abandonment of
Electric Vehicle and IVS-TM- Product Businesses."
The Company has recently experienced serious cash shortfalls. In October
1996, the Company completed the Bridge Financing to enable it to continue
operations until the completion of the Offering. A portion of the proceeds of
the Offering will be applied to repayment of the Bridge Notes. See "Management's
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations--Liquidity and Capital Resources" and "Use of Proceeds."
PRODUCTS
CLIMATE CONTROL SEAT SYSTEM
The Company's Climate Control Seat ("CCS") system utilizes non-exclusive,
licensed, patented technology to improve the temperature comfort of automobile
passengers. The CCS uses one or more small (approximately two-inch square and
one-eighth inch thick) thermoelectric modules, which are solid-state devices the
surfaces of which turn hot or cold depending on the polarity of applied direct
current electricity. Heat-transfer parts attached to the modules cool or heat
air that is blown past them. The conditioned air is then circulated through
ducts and pads in the seat so that the surface of the seat grows warm or cool
for the passengers, with small quantities of conditioned air passing through the
seat to flow directly on the passengers. Each seat has individual electronic
controls to adjust the level of heating or cooling. The CCS uses substantially
less energy than conventional air conditioners by focusing the cooling directly
on the passengers through the seat, rather than cooling the entire ambient air
volume and the interior surfaces of the vehicle.
The CCS offers several benefits compared to conventional heated car seats.
First, the thermoelectric technology provides both heating and cooling. The
system also provides environmental benefits because it cools without the use of
fluorine-based refrigerants or other liquids. The CCS could be used as the sole
source of climate control in certain cars, such as low cost European cars or
electric vehicles. Only a portion of the cars sold in Europe come equipped with
factory air conditioning because of cost and effect on gas mileage, and the
range of electric vehicles is greatly reduced by the large amount of energy
required to operate traditional air conditioners. For some consumers, seat-based
cooling is expected to be sufficient, while others will prefer it to be
augmented with moderate cooling of the ambient air. In either case, there is the
potential for significant reductions in energy usage, which would result in
greater gas mileage in conventional vehicles and greater range in electric
vehicles.
Additional development is needed before the CCS can be commercialized. In
particular, a production-engineered design is being modified to make the units
less complex, more energy efficient and less expensive to manufacture and
install. The Company is also working to reduce fan noise and condensation
resulting from operation of the seat in the cooling mode. The Company's initial
marketing of the CCS has been to automobile and vehicle seat manufacturers
directly. The Company is presently working with three of the world's largest
automotive original equipment manufacturers on pre-production development
programs for the CCS. However, there can be no assurance that these development
programs will lead to commercial production orders.
Since Amerigon's CCS system provides both heating and cooling, the Company
believes that the potential market for CCS is larger than the market for heated
seats alone. The Company also believes that the CCS concept could be applied to
seats other than those used in motor vehicles, e.g. to aircraft, theater, and
stadium seating, although the Company has not devoted any resources to
development of such products.
35
RADAR FOR MANEUVERING AND SAFETY
In January 1994, the Company obtained a non-transferable limited exclusive
license from the Regents of the University of California (Lawrence Livermore
National Laboratory) to certain "pulse-echo," "ultra-wideband" radar technology
for use in the following three passenger vehicle applications: intelligent
cruise control, airbag crash systems, and position sensors. The license requires
the Company to achieve commercial sales (defined as sales of non-prototype
products to at least one original equipment manufacturer) of products by the end
of 1998. Failure to achieve commercial sales will result in the loss of
exclusivity of the license with respect to any particular application. See
"--Proprietary Rights and Patents." This technology was originally developed as
part of a laser fusion program to measure the short bursts of energy emitted
during fusion experiments. This type of radar sends out from one to two million
short radio impulses every second to a distance of 5 to 10 meters, each lasting
a billionth of a second. These short impulses enable the radar to operate across
a wider and lower band of radio frequency, making it less likely to suffer from
interference from other radar signals, and allowing it to penetrate dirt, snow
and ice.
The Company has applied this technology to develop demonstration prototypes
of a parking aid and a lane change aid. The parking aid detects a vehicle or
other object that reflects radar signals behind the automobile and provides an
audible or visual signal as the driver approaches it. The lane change aid
detects vehicles to the side of the automobile when the driver attempts to turn
or change lanes and emits an audible warning signal. The Company began marketing
these radar products in 1994 and has received contracts to design evaluation
prototypes from eight automotive manufacturers for both the parking and lane
change aids. These products are now under evaluation by customers. The Company's
near term objective is to obtain further development agreements from some of
these customers to customize the system design during 1997.
Several automotive original equipment manufacturers are now offering
ultrasonic or infrared laser distance sensors for parking aids. The Company
believes that the advantage of its radar technology is superior performance.
Competing products in the automotive industry have utilized ultrasonic and
infrared sensors which require line of sight from the sensor to the target and
installation with outside lenses. Dirt, ice, rain, fog or snow can obstruct the
function of such systems. Although they offer reasonable accuracy at short
distances, they are comparatively range-limited and are subject to false trigger
problems due to interference with the required line of sight. Amerigon's radar
technology, on the other hand, is less susceptible to these environmental
conditions, and can even penetrate plastic, allowing it to be mounted inside
plastic bumpers or tail light assemblies. Although there is currently
considerable interest among automobile manufacturers for various radar products,
there is substantial competition from large and well-established companies for
these potential product opportunities, including for possible industrial
applications. See "--Competition--Radar for Maneuvering and Safety." In
addition, considerable research and development will be required to develop the
Company's radar technology into finished products, including design and
development of application software and antenna systems and production
engineering to reduce costs and increase reliability.
INTERACTIVE VOICE SYSTEMS (IVS-TM-)
The IVS-TM- was initially designed to apply voice recognition technology
incorporating proprietary features and computer systems to provide an
inexpensive and easy-to-use tool for people to receive directions to their
destination while driving their vehicle. To date, the IVS-TM- product has not
been commercially successful and likely would require substantial further
development before it could be expected to achieve significant sales. In 1995,
the Company had pre-production orders for approximately 2,000 units. As of
December 31, 1996, only approximately 2,700 units have been produced and sold.
Although the Company recently received an order for additional units, the
Company did not accept such order since the costs associated with filling the
order were greater than the revenues to be received as a result of the low
volume of units ordered. The Company is presently seeking to sell the IVS-TM-
product line and the Company's interests in related technology or to find a
strategic or financial partner to help further
36
develop and market the IVS-TM- product. Further development efforts would focus
on streamlining data-entry, lowering costs, improving the compatibility of the
product with audio compact disc ("CD") units and exploring other applications of
the technology. If the Company is not able to sell its interests in the IVS-TM-
product line and related technology, or obtain a financial or strategic partner
in the near term, the Company will discontinue sales and further development of
IVS-TM- and related technology. See "Risk Factors--Possible Disposition or
Abandonment of Electric Vehicle and IVS-TM- Product Businesses."
The IVS-TM- provides navigation directions through the car's CD system using
actual spoken words stored on the CD through digital compression technology. The
car CD system or radio functions normally when the IVS-TM- is not giving or
receiving instructions, but can be temporarily interrupted to use the IVS-TM-
functions. The IVS-TM- has three components: a small microphone mounted near the
sun visor, similar to a cellular phone microphone; an electronic module
(approximately two-thirds the size of a standard video cassette tape) that is
mounted inside the dashboard, under the seat or in the trunk; and a standard
automobile CD player and radio. In most instances, the CD player is modified by
its manufacturer to provide additional ports in the back of the unit for
connecting to the IVS-TM- electronic module.
The system operates by requesting a starting point and a destination point,
each of which must be spelled out, one letter at a time, by the driver or a
passenger, and confirmed by the unit. Way-points may include specific street
names and addresses, cross-streets or "points of interest" (such as airports,
hotels, gas stations, major restaurants, ATMs and tourist attractions.). The
IVS-TM- provides step-by-step verbal instructions on how to reach the
destination. The IVS-TM- uses a proprietary routing algorithm that selects the
most favorable route to a given destination taking into account average highway
and street speeds, one way streets and distances.
The operating software and digital map data for the IVS-TM- are stored on a
CD that is inserted in the car stereo when the system is in use. The CDs, which
contain encrypted maps for various metropolitan areas, are packaged inside the
same box with the IVS-TM- hardware. Customers call a toll-free number to access
the maps they wish from the selection available on the CDs. Upon payment by
credit card for requested metropolitan areas, the customer is provided a code
number that unlocks the encrypted maps once the number is spoken into the
IVS-TM- unit.
To date the Company has completed encrypted maps for twenty metropolitan
areas including Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Dallas/Ft. Worth, Denver, Detroit,
Houston, Indianapolis, Las Vegas, the five counties in Los Angeles, Miami, New
York and Northern New Jersey, Orlando, Philadelphia, Phoenix, Sacramento, San
Diego, San Francisco, Seattle and Washington D.C./Baltimore. Using map
technology licensed from an unrelated third party, the Company does map checking
and limited upgrading to make the maps suitable for use with the IVS-TM-.
The Company believes that the IVS-TM- has several advantages over other
navigation systems which generally utilize manual keyboards or touch screens to
input data, visual map displays for showing locations, and global positioning
satellite systems or other expensive sensors for identifying the vehicle's
location. The IVS-TM- is not only less costly but simpler and safer to use
because it relies solely on verbal instructions, and drivers are not distracted
by the need to look at a visual display or manipulate a keyboard or other
complicated controls. In addition, competitive navigation systems with visual
displays require extensive modification to the interior of a vehicle if the
display is to fit in the dashboard, thereby reducing the feasibility of offering
the product as a dealer-installed option or aftermarket product.
In December 1995 and January 1996, the Company shipped the first IVS-TM-
product to be sold initially to the consumer electronics market. Four
manufacturers of automotive CD players (Kenwood, Alpine, Clarion and Fujitsu-Ten
Eclipse) have modified certain of their CD player models for compatibility with
the IVS-TM-. To date, the IVS-TM- has only been sold to the retail aftermarket.
The Company is exploring voice remote control of certain automotive
electrical systems such as, among other things, raising and lowering windows,
changing seat positions and changing heating and air
37
conditioning settings. There are additional possible applications of the system
using the capability inherent in the basic IVS-TM- system.
The Company has failed to make certain advance royalty payments required by
the terms of the governing license agreement for certain voice-recognition
software technology used in the IVS-TM-. The license agreement affords the
licensor the opportunity to terminate the agreement under such circumstances. If
the licensor were to terminate such license, in order to continue to manufacture
and sell the IVS-TM-, the Company would either need to reach an accommodation
with such licensor or identify and secure a license to use a substitute software
technology, neither of which can be assured. The adaptation of substitute
software technology under such circumstances might result in additional
development costs to the Company. If the Company were unable to reach an
accommodation with the licensor or identify and secure a substitute license, the
Company's ability to sell the IVS-TM- product line and the Company's interests
in related technology might be impaired.
ELECTRIC VEHICLE SYSTEMS
The Company is seeking financial partners to help fund further research and
development of its electric vehicle technology and strategic partners to assist
the Company in manufacturing and distribution. If the Company is not able to
obtain such financial or strategic partners, the Company will abandon further
development of its electric vehicle technology or attempt to sell its
proprietary interests and other assets in and relating thereto. See "Risk
Factors--Possible Disposition or Abandonment of Electric Vehicle and IVS-TM-
Product Businesses."
By developing its own products and managing programs related to electric
vehicles (such as the Showcase Electric Vehicle Program and the Running Chassis
Program), the Company has developed a base of knowledge and expertise concerning
electric vehicles. The Company's experience has included the ground-up design of
electric vehicles and testing and integration of state of the art components
being made available for electric vehicles by other companies. The Company's
electric vehicle systems program is presently focused on two main fronts. The
first comprises the development and production of electric vehicles, principally
for developing country markets. The Company hopes to implement this initiative
in the near-term through a proposed joint venture project in India (see
"--Electric Vehicles"). The Company's other main electric vehicle undertaking
would center on the marketing and distribution of its Energy Management System
(see "--Energy Management System").
ELECTRIC VEHICLES. The Company has nearly completed a contract for
approximately $9.6 million to develop approximately fifty aluminum-chassis
passenger electric vehicle systems for an Asian manufacturing company. The
electric vehicles produced under this contract include two of the Company's
other proprietary products, the CCS and the Energy Management System.
In its results for the nine months ended September 30, 1996, the Company
reported cost overruns on this contract that resulted in the Company recording
charges to operations for the ultimate estimated loss at completion of the
contract of approximately $1,625,000. During 1996, the Company experienced a
number of unanticipated design and development problems in the course of its
performance under this contract. It became necessary to significantly modify the
design of the interior of the electric vehicles to correct design deficiencies.
The delay caused by this redesign had a number of deleterious side-effects. A
number of employees had to be re-assigned to new jobs which resulted in
additional work hours. Orders already given to vendors for tooling and parts had
to be cancelled or delayed. As a result of these delays, some of the vendors
that had been selected for critical parts took on large projects for other
companies and were thereafter no longer available to supply the Company on a
timely basis. Additional costs and delays were incurred in re-negotiating
several large, complex supply contracts. Finally, due to the delays and the
short time left to complete tooling and parts, orders had to be rushed, causing
significantly higher costs for tooling, parts and freight. The Company also
experienced problems with certain products supplied by vendors. These problems
required additional attention by engineers, re-work of tooling and
38
parts, and in some cases required the engagement of alternate suppliers. The
Company may continue to experience cost overruns on this contract due to these
unanticipated design and development problems.
In February 1996, the Company entered into a memorandum of understanding
(which expired on August 29, 1996) with a strategic partner to enter into a
proposed joint venture in India to develop, market and/or manufacture electric
vehicles. The terms of the joint venture called for the Company to contribute
cash in the approximate amount of $2.2 million as well as the design and certain
tooling for production of the electric vehicles to the joint venture in exchange
for a minority equity stake. The Company presently lacks the capital to make
such a financial contribution to the joint venture entity, and currently does
not propose to apply any of the net proceeds of the Offering for such purpose.
Accordingly, unless the terms of the joint venture were to be revised so as to
eliminate or substantially reduce the Company's required capital contribution,
or unless the Company can find a new or additional joint venture partner, the
Company would be unable to participate in the proposed joint venture on its
original terms. See "Risk Factors--Lack of Capital to Fund Proposed Electric
Vehicle Joint Venture; Strategy Untested; Write-off of Capitalized Expenses in
1996 Fourth Quarter." Notwithstanding the expiration of the memorandum of
understanding, the Company believes that a joint venture with the same strategic
partner on similar terms remains possible, although there can be no assurance it
will be consummated.
The proposed joint venture called for the Company to produce approximately
60 electric mini-cars in ready-to-assemble kits for assembly in India. The
proposed Indian co-venturer would have been expected to build the manufacturing
capability for full-scale production. In anticipation of the formation of the
Indian joint venture, the Company has begun prototype development work on a
mini-car called the "REVA," designed principally for the Indian market. The
Company has produced five fully-functional REVA prototypes.
The Company intends to focus its electric vehicle development activity on
vehicles intended for use in developing Asian countries. The Company believes
that there may be considerable demand for low cost electric vehicles in these
markets. For example, in India, auto capacity is currently estimated at 300,000,
which is comparatively small when measured against India's 20 million household
middle class population. Less than 20% of these households own cars; more than
50% own motorcycles. As a result, in India there is a growing demand for
vehicles and a large unfilled backlog of orders. Because of this backlog, Indian
consumers typically must put down a 10% cash deposit for a car and often have to
wait for up to a year or more for delivery. In India, most cars sell for $7,500
or more and are expensive to operate due to the limited availability of gas and
high costs of maintenance. The REVA is designed to be priced at less than $6,000
and to be relatively inexpensive to operate due to the availability of
electricity for re-charging batteries in most households and the minimal number
of parts compared to gas-powered cars. If the proposed Indian joint venture were
to go forward successfully, the Company might search for similar opportunities
in other developing countries. The Company has no present plans to try to sell
its electric vehicles in the United States.
ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM. The Company's "Energy Management System" is a
proprietary computer-based system under development by the Company for electric
vehicles. The Energy Management System has two functions. First, it optimizes
battery charging and use based on the age and condition of the battery to
maximize vehicle range and extend battery life. The second function is to
automatically adjust the operation of the systems of an electric vehicle to
improve performance. For example, if the vehicle air conditioner is running, the
system can momentarily turn it down during acceleration so that additional
energy is available for propelling the vehicle. The system can also predict
available range for typical freeway, city or mountain driving, and whether
specific trips are possible (such as a commute to work or a trip to the grocery
store). These features of the Energy Management System are important in electric
vehicle applications because the range of electric vehicles initially will be
limited to approximately 60 to 120 miles between charges, and because the
frequency of battery replacement will be more important in determining the cost
of operating an electric vehicle than the cost of the electricity necessary to
recharge the battery.
39
The Energy Management System consists of two components: first, a
custom-developed printed circuit board with a micro-processor computer chip and
other standard, commercially available computer components, that serves as the
"brain" of the system; and second, custom-developed sensors installed on each of
the vehicle's batteries to provide information concerning the batteries' status.
Optimal decisions are either implemented automatically by the system or
communicated to the driver through a text display in the instrument panel. The
Company has completed initial research and development of prototype Energy
Management Systems and is installing units in the electric vehicles it assembles
under development orders and in prototypes for the proposed Indian joint
venture.
The Company intends to try to market the Energy Management System by
licensing its technology to other companies making electric vehicles. See
"--Proprietary Rights and Patents." However, the system requires customization
for the particular electric vehicle it is to control, including modification of
the software, and requires extensive integration into the vehicle since it must
connect with various other systems, receive sensor inputs from throughout the
vehicle, and communicate with a visual display in the instrument panel. Because
of these integration requirements, the Company or its licensees would need to
undertake significant application engineering to adapt this product for each
electric vehicle model. Furthermore, because development of the electric vehicle
industry is subject to numerous uncertainties, the Company cannot predict
whether there would ever be commercial sales of its system. Substantial
additional investments in development of this product would be based upon
customer interest as the electric vehicle market develops.
MARKETING AND SALES
In the automotive components industry, products typically proceed through
five stages of research and development and commercialization. Initial research
on the product concept comes first, in order to assess its technical feasibility
and economic costs and benefits, and often includes the development of an
internal prototype for the supplier's own evaluation of the product. If the
product appears feasible, a functioning prototype or demonstration prototype is
manufactured by the component supplier to demonstrate and test the features of
the product. This prototype is then marketed to automotive companies to generate
sales of evaluation prototypes for internal evaluation by the automobile
manufacturer. If the automobile manufacturer remains interested in the product
after testing initial evaluation prototypes, it typically works with the
component supplier to refine the product and then purchase second and subsequent
generation engineering prototypes for further evaluation. Finally, the
automobile manufacturer determines to either purchase the component for a
production vehicle or terminate interest in the component.
The time required to progress through these five stages of commercialization
varies widely. Automotive companies will take longer to evaluate components that
are critical to the safe operation of the vehicle where a product failure can
result in a passenger death. Conversely, if the product is not safety critical,
the evaluation can proceed more quickly since the risk of product liability is
smaller. Another factor influencing the time required to complete the product
sales cycle relates to the required level of integration of the component into
other vehicle systems. Products that are installed by the factory generally
require a medium amount of time to evaluate since other vehicle systems are
affected and because a decision to introduce the product into the vehicle is not
easily reversed, as it is with dealer-installed options. Products that are
installed by an auto dealer take the least amount of time to evaluate since they
have little impact on other vehicle systems. The Company's products vary in how
they fit within these two factors affecting the time required for completing the
sales cycle. The CCS has a moderate effect on other vehicle systems and would be
a factory installed item. The Company's radar system and energy management
system would also be factory installed and would have a greater impact on other
vehicle systems.
The Company's CCS, radar products and IVS-TM-, all of which are derived from
technologies used in the aerospace or defense industries, are designed primarily
to be applied to new gasoline-powered vehicles, with possible aftermarket
application to existing gasoline-powered vehicles. The energy management system
and the electric vehicle systems are uniquely designed for application to
electric vehicles.
40
PROPRIETARY RIGHTS AND PATENTS
The Company acquires developed technologies through licenses and joint
development contracts in order to optimize the Company's expenditure of capital
and time, and to adapt and commercialize such technologies in automotive
products which are suitable for mass production. The Company also develops
technologies or furthers the development of acquired technologies through
internal research and development efforts by Company engineers.
The Company has adopted a policy of seeking to obtain, where practical, the
exclusive rights to use technology related to its products through patents or
licenses for proprietary technologies or processes. The Company currently has
several license arrangements, two patents and several pending patent
applications relating to the technologies used in the Company's business, as
described below.
CCS
Pursuant to an Option and License Agreement between the Company and Feher
Design, Inc. ("Feher"), Feher has granted to the Company a non-exclusive
worldwide license to use three specific CCS technologies covered by patents held
by Feher. The license with respect to technology subject to a Feher patent
expires upon the expiration of the Feher patent covering the relevant
technology. The first of these three patents expires on November 17, 2008.
In addition to the aforementioned license rights to the CCS technology, the
Company holds a patent on a variable temperature seat climate control system. A
second patent on the variable temperature seat climate control system is
expected to issue to Amerigon on January 28, 1997. The Company also has pending
two additional patent applications with respect to certain improvements to the
CCS technology developed by the Company. The Company is aware that an unrelated
party filed a patent application in Japan on March 30, 1992 with respect to
technology similar to the CCS technology. However, to date, this application
remains subject to examination and therefore no patent has been issued to the
party filing such application. If such patent were to issue and be upheld, it
could have a material adverse effect upon the Company's ability to sell CCS
products in Japan.
RADAR FOR MANEUVERING AND SAFETY
Pursuant to a License Agreement between the Company and the Regents (the
"Regents") of the University of California (Lawrence Livermore National
Laboratory), the Regents have granted to the Company a limited, exclusive
license to use certain technology covered by patents held by the Regents in the
following three passenger vehicle applications: intelligent cruise control, air
bag crash systems, and position sensors. This license requires the Company to
achieve commercial sales of products by the end of 1998. Commercial sales are
defined as sales of non-prototype products to at least one original equipment
manufacturer. Failure to achieve commercial sales for a particular application
will result in the loss of exclusivity of the license for that application, in
which event the licensor will have the right to grant other entities a
non-exclusive license for that application at terms no more favorable than those
enjoyed by the Company. The license expires on January 14, 2014 (the date of
expiration of the last-to-expire patent for the technology covered by the
license). As the patents covering the licensed technology expire, products made
by the Company using such technology (and only such technology) will cease to be
subject to any further royalty obligations under the license.
IVS-TM-
The Company has licensed rights to intellectual property comprising the
IVS-TM- technology pursuant to three different license agreements. The Company
has a worldwide non-exclusive license from Lernout & Hauspie Speech Products
N.V. to use certain interactive software and related documentation used in the
voice recognition technology incorporated in the IVS-TM- product. This license
may be terminated by either party upon a material breach of the agreement by the
other party that remains uncured after a certain
41
grace period. The Company has failed to make certain advance royalty payments
required by the terms of this license agreement, and the applicable grace period
has expired. As of the date hereof, the Company has not received any
notification that the licensor is terminating this license. However, no
assurance can be given that the licensor will not terminate this license in the
future. See "Products--Interactive Voice Systems (IVS-TM-)."
The Company also has a non-exclusive license to produce, distribute and/or
sell copies of a navigation database, the rights to which are owned by
Navigation Technologies Corporation ("NavTech"). This license expires on
December 31, 2001 but may be renewed at the Company's option for subsequent
five-year periods (which renewal option is subject to termination by NavTech).
In May, 1996, the Company entered into an agreement (the "Settlement
Agreement") with ANS and certain other parties pursuant to which the Company
settled certain disputes it had with such parties relating to certain technology
used or useful in the Company's IVS-TM- product. Under the Settlement Agreement,
ANS granted the Company a worldwide non-exclusive, royalty-bearing license to
make and sell products incorporating certain voice-interface vehicle navigation
technology and technology for recognizing spoken words in which ANS has
proprietary rights. The Settlement Agreement also provides that the Company has
exclusive rights to the IVS-TM- trademark. The Company granted ANS a worldwide
non-exclusive, royalty-bearing license to make and sell products incorporating
certain improvements made by the Company to the voice-interface system and the
word recognition technology. These products could compete directly with the
Company's IVS-TM- product and could be introduced by ANS as early as 1997. See
"Risk Factors--Lack of Exclusive Licenses on IVS-TM- and Heated and Cooled
Seats; Potential Loss of Exclusivity of License on Radar for Maneuvering and
Safety."
The Company has registered copyrights on several materials used in
connection with its IVS-TM- product, including map discs for various
geographical regions to be used with the navigator software (which copyrights
are jointly owned with NavTech and ANS), as well as navigator installation and
user guides for use with certain in-dash compact disc components manufactured by
Kenwood, Eclipse, Clarion and Alpine (which copyrights are jointly owned with
ANS).
ELECTRIC VEHICLE SYSTEMS
The Company was recently issued a patent on a key function of the Energy
Management System and has applied for additional patents relating to such
system. The Company believes that those elements of the Energy Management System
not covered by the patent are protected as trade secrets.
GENERAL
Because of rapid technological developments in the automotive industry and
the competitive nature of the market, the patent position of any component
manufacturer is subject to uncertainties and may involve complex legal and
factual issues. Consequently, although the Company either owns or has licenses
to certain patents, and is currently processing several additional patent
applications, it is possible that no patents will issue from any pending
applications or that claims allowed in any existing or future patents issued or
licensed to the Company will be challenged, invalidated, or circumvented, or
that any rights granted thereunder will not provide adequate protection to the
Company. There is an additional risk that the Company may be required to
participate in interference proceedings to determine the priority of inventions
or may be required to commence litigation to protect its rights, which could
result in substantial costs to the Company.
The Company's potential products may conflict with patents that have been or
may be granted to competitors or others. Such other persons could bring legal
actions against the Company claiming damages and seeking to enjoin manufacturing
and marketing of the affected products. Any such litigation could result in
substantial cost to the Company and diversion of effort by the Company's
management and
42
technical personnel. If any such actions are successful, in addition to any
potential liability for damages, the Company could be required to obtain a
license in order to continue to manufacture or market the affected products.
There can be no assurance that the Company would prevail in any such action or
that any license required under any such patent would be made available on
acceptable terms, if at all. Failure to obtain needed patents, licenses or
proprietary information held by others may have a material adverse effect on the
Company's business. In addition, if the Company becomes involved in litigation,
it could consume a substantial portion of the Company's time and resources.
However, the Company has not received any notice that its products infringe on
the proprietary rights of third parties.
The Company also relies on trade secrets that it seeks to protect, in part,
through confidentiality and non-disclosure agreements with employees, customers
and other parties. There can be no assurance that these agreements will not be
breached, that the Company would have adequate remedies for any such breach or
that the Company's trade secrets will not otherwise become known to or
independently developed by competitors. To the extent that consultants, key
employees or other third parties apply technological information independently
developed by them or by others to the Company's proposed projects, disputes may
arise as to the proprietary rights to such information that may not be resolved
in favor of the Company. The Company may be involved from time to time in
litigation to determine the enforceability, scope and validity of proprietary
rights. Any such litigation could result in substantial cost to the Company and
diversion of effort by the Company's management and technical personnel.
Additionally, with respect to licensed technology, there can be no assurance
that the licensor of the technology will have the resources, financial or
otherwise, or desire to defend against any challenges to the rights of such
licensor to its patents.
The enactment of the legislation implementing the General Agreement on Trade
and Tariffs has resulted in certain changes to United States patent laws that
became effective on June 8, 1995. Most notably, the term of patent protection
for patent applications filed on or after June 8, 1995 is no longer a period of
17 years from the date of grant. The new term of a United States patent will
commence on the date of issuance and terminate 20 years from the earliest
effective filing date of the application. Because the time from filing to
issuance of an automotive technology patent application is often more than three
years, a 20-year term from the effective date of filing may result in a
substantially shortened term of patent protection, which may adversely impact
the Company's patent position. If this change results in a shorter period of
patent coverage, the Company's business could be adversely affected to the
extent that the duration and/or level of the royalties it may be entitled to
receive from a collaborative partner, if any, is based on the existence of a
valid patent.
COMPETITION
The automotive components and systems business is highly competitive. The
Company may experience competition directly from automobile manufacturers, most
of which have the capability to manufacture competing products. Many of the
existing and potential competitors of the Company have considerably greater
financial and other resources than the Company, including, but not limited to,
an established customer base, greater research and development capability,
established manufacturing capability and greater marketing and sales resources.
The Company also competes indirectly with related products that do not offer
equivalent features to the Company's products, but can substitute for the
Company's products. The Company believes that its products will compete on the
basis of price, performance and quality.
CCS
The Company is not aware of any competitors that are offering systems for
both heating and cooling automotive car seats, although substantial competition
exists for the supply of heated-only seats. It is possible that competitors will
be able to expand or modify their current products by adding a cooling function
to their seats based upon a technology not covered by patented technology
licensed to the Company, or by licensing rights to these patents from the
inventor. The CCS competes indirectly with
43
alternative methods of providing passenger climate control in a vehicle such as
heating and air conditioning systems, which are currently available for almost
all vehicles. The Company hopes to develop a market niche for this product
initially as a luxury in conventional gasoline-powered cars in Europe, where
gasoline prices are relatively high, as well as in electric vehicles which, due
to their reliance on batteries, could benefit from a less energy intensive
source of climate control. The Company is aware that a Japanese patent has been
applied for by another entity on technology similar to the CCS technology.
RADAR FOR MANEUVERING AND SAFETY
The potential market for automotive radar has attracted many aerospace
companies who have developed a variety of radar technologies. A few automotive
original equipment manufacturers are now offering ultrasonic or infrared laser
distance sensors for parking aids. These companies have far greater technical
and other resources than does the Company. While the Company believes that its
licensed radar technology has competitive advantages which are protected by
intellectual property rights in the applications the Company is developing, it
is possible that the market will not accept the Company's radar products or that
competitors will find ways to offer similar products without infringing on the
Company's intellectual property rights.
IVS-TM-
The Company is aware that there are 20 or more competitors developing
car-based navigation systems, and is aware of at least 13 companies that have
systems that are very advanced in the development cycle, including systems from
Blaupunkt-werk GmbH, Bosch Electronics, Clarion Corporation of America, Motorola
Incorporated, Sanyo Fisher USA Corp., Siemens Automotive LP, Sony Electronics,
Phillips Electronics, Pioneer Electronic Corp. and General Motors Corporation.
Several of these competitors have achieved significant sales of their systems in
Japan and Europe, and recently have introduced their product in the United
States or are planning to introduce their product in the United States. Many of
these competitors have established relationships with automobile manufacturers.
The Company expects that new competitors will enter the market once United
States sales are established. All the competitive systems of which the Company
is currently aware of utilize visual displays and, unlike the Company's IVS-TM-,
most of them rely on global positioning satellite systems to identify the
location of the vehicle. While these features of competitive navigation systems
may enhance consumer acceptance of the systems, they are more costly than the
Company's system.
Under the Settlement Agreement with ANS, ANS will have rights which will
allow it to make and sell products incorporating certain improvements made by
the Company to the IVS-TM- technology. These products could compete directly
with the Company's IVS-TM- product and could be introduced by ANS as early as
1997. ANS does not at this time have a product for commercial sale. The Company
is not aware of any other competitor that has offered a voice recognition system
for identifying the vehicle location or desired destination, although at least
two competitors use a voice recognition system to allow drivers to control some
of the functions of the system, such as the movement of the map or the visual
display, and several competitors use speech output, but not input, systems to
provide verbal directions to the destination.
ELECTRIC VEHICLE SYSTEMS
ELECTRIC VEHICLES. The potential market for electric vehicles and electric
vehicle systems, when and if it develops into a significant commercial market,
is expected to attract many of the domestic and international automobile
manufacturers. Currently, many automobile manufacturers are doing development
work on electric vehicles, and some have announced plans to enter the commercial
market. General Motors Corporation has recently introduced a production electric
vehicle that is now available for lease in the United States.
44
The Company has experience in the design and prototyping of Electric Vehicle
Systems which it believes provides certain niche market opportunities. The
Company believes such a niche now exists in developing Asian countries.
Accordingly, the Company initially intends to sell its Electric Vehicle Systems
in selected Asian markets where competition at this time is from a limited
number of higher priced gasoline-powered cars. The emergence of a significant
market, if such emergence occurs, will cause other competitors to enter the
market, all of which may have far greater depth of technical, manufacturing, and
marketing resources than does the Company. The Company does not intend to enter
the U.S. market at this time.
ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM. The Company is aware of one competitor, Hughes
Power Control Systems, which is developing and offering a product which competes
directly with the Energy Management System. The Company is also aware of several
automobile manufacturers that plan to incorporate the function of the Energy
Management System into electronic modules currently manufactured or which may be
manufactured in the future.
EMPLOYEES
As of January 1, 1997, the Company had 67 employees. Approximately 12 of the
Company's employees, or about 18% of the Company's personnel, are covered under
a collective bargaining agreement. The Company considers its employee relations
to be satisfactory.
PROPERTIES
The Company maintains its corporate headquarters and research and
development facilities in sub-leased space in a Monrovia, California industrial
park. The Company has exercised an option to extend the sub-lease until July 31,
1997, after which the sublessor's master lease expires and the Company will have
to relocate its facilities. The current monthly rent under the sub-lease is
approximately $24,000. The Company believes that adequate alternative space is
available in the immediate area at comparable rates. The Company also leases
manufacturing and office space in Alameda, California on a month-to-month basis.
The monthly rent for this space is approximately $5,700. The Company believes
that its facilities are adequate for its present needs and projected needs for
the immediate future.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
HBI and DDJ have threatened various claims against the Company and its
directors and officers arising out of the December 1995 private placement by the
Company of 750,000 shares of Class A Common Stock. In general, they allege that
the Company provided misleading projections and failed to disclose certain
information in connection with such private placement. The Company believes
these allegations to be without merit. While, to the Company's knowledge, HBI
and DDJ have commenced no legal action against the Company in connection with
such claims, no assurance can be given that they will not do so in the future.
If they were to commence such legal action, the Company would be forced to
defend such action and/or settle with them, the costs of which defense and/or
any resulting liability or settlement could have a material adverse effect on
the Company's financial condition. John W. Clark, a director of the Company, is
a general partner of an affiliate of HBI.
On November 14, 1996, Gibbins Pattern & Plastic, Inc. ("Gibbins"), a
supplier to the Company, filed suit against the Company in Michigan state court
in the circuit court for the County of Wayne, Michigan for breach of contract,
open account/account stated, and unjust enrichment/quantum meruit. Gibbins
alleges that the Company has failed to pay for delivered products. The Company
has withheld certain payments because Gibbins has failed to provide the Company
with assurance of future performance. Gibbins has claimed a total of $231,548 in
damages. The Company has removed the lawsuit to the federal district court for
the Eastern District of Michigan and asserted certain counterclaims against
Gibbins. The Company intends to defend the matter vigorously and believes that
the lawsuit will not have a material adverse effect on the Company.
45
MANAGEMENT
DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS
The directors and officers of the Company are as follows:
NAME AGE POSITION
- --------------------------------- --- ---------------------------------------------------------------
Lon E. Bell, Ph.D................ 56 President, Chief Executive Officer, and Chairman of the Board
Daniel R. Coker.................. 44 Vice President of Sales and Marketing
R. John Hamman, Jr............... 55 Vice President of Finance and Chief Financial Officer
James L. Mertes.................. 44 Vice President of Operations and Quality
Joshua M. Newman................. 38 Vice President of Corporate Development and Planning, Secretary
and Director
Roy A. Anderson.................. 76 Director
Roger E. Batzel.................. 75 Director
John W. Clark.................... 51 Director
A. Stephens Hutchcraft, Jr....... 66 Director
Michael R. Peevey................ 58 Director
Norman R. Prouty, Jr............. 57 Director
Dr. Lon E. Bell has been the President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman
of the Board of the Company since its formation in April 1991. Dr. Bell
co-founded Technar Incorporated with Dr. Allen Gillespie and Mr. Robert Diller,
Amerigon's Chief Engineer, in 1967, which developed and manufactured automotive
components, and served as its Chairman and President until selling majority
ownership of Technar to TRW Inc. in 1986. Dr. Bell continued managing Technar as
its President until 1991, when he left to form the Company. Dr. Bell received
his undergraduate degree in mathematics from the California Institute of
Technology in 1962, where he also was granted a Masters degree in rocket
propulsion in 1963 and a Ph.D. in mechanical engineering in 1968.
Daniel R. Coker joined the Company as Vice President of Sales and Marketing
in March, 1996. Previously, he worked with Arvin, Inc., a tire pressure sensor
manufacturer, from 1986 through 1995 as Vice President and General Manager of
North American Operations. Mr. Coker received his BS degree from Tennessee
Technological University in 1974.
R. John Hamman, Jr. joined the Company in August, 1995 as Vice President of
Finance and Chief Financial Officer. From 1986 to 1994, he was Vice President of
Finance for Amcare, Inc., a provider of pharmaceutical drugs and supplies to
long-term care facilities. Mr. Hamman received his BS degree from Denison
University and an MBA degree from Northwestern University, and is a CPA.
James L. Mertes joined the Company in 1993 as Vice President of Quality and
was promoted to Vice President of Operations and Quality in 1994. Immediately
prior to joining the Company, Mr. Mertes was Director of Quality at TRW Sensor
Operations, a unit of TRW Inc., for two years.
Joshua M. Newman joined the Company in March 1992 as Vice President of
Corporate Development and Planning, and became a Director in April 1993. Prior
to joining the Company, Mr. Newman worked as a management consultant, first for
the Boston Consulting Group from 1988 through December 1990, and then as an
independent electric vehicle consultant until joining the Company. Mr. Newman
received his undergraduate degree in history from the University of California
at Davis in 1981 and an MBA from Harvard University in 1988.
46
Roy A. Anderson has been a Director of the Company since the closing of the
Company's initial public offering. Mr. Anderson is Chairman Emeritus of Lockheed
Corporation. He served as Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of
Lockheed from 1977 until his retirement on December 31, 1985. He remained on
Lockheed's board of directors until December 31, 1990, and also served as a
consultant to that company until December 31, 1992. Mr. Anderson is a member of
the boards of the Los Angeles Music Center, the Greater Los Angeles United Way,
the Los Angeles World Affairs Council. He is Chairman and Chief Executive
Officer of the Weingart Foundation and Co-Chairman of the Select Panel of
Project California.
Roger E. Batzel has been a Director of the Company since the closing of the
Company's initial public offering. In April 1988, he retired after 16 years as
Director of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and became Director Emeritus.
From March 1, 1988 to the present, Mr. Batzel has been a scientist at Lawrence
Livermore National Laboratory, serving initially as associate director at large,
and then as a consultant, and beginning in 1991 as a laboratory associate.
John W. Clark has been a Director of the Company since July 1996. Since May
1995, Mr. Clark has been a General Partner of Westar Capital Associates, a
private equity investment company. From 1990 to May 1995, he was a private
investor. Prior to 1990, Mr. Clark was President of Valentec International
Corporation, a producer of metal and electronic components for military and
commercial products. Mr. Clark serves as a director for All Post, Inc., Dogloo,
Inc., and Scripps Clinic MSO, Inc.
A. Stephens Hutchcraft, Jr. has been a Director of the Company since the
closing of the Company's initial public offering. From December 1992 through
December 1993, Mr. Hutchcraft served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of
Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corporation, and served as its President from 1982 to
May 1993. He has been a Director of that Company since 1982.
Michael R. Peevey has been a Director of the Company since the closing of
the Company's initial public offering. From October 1990 until he retired in
March 1993, Mr. Peevey was President of Southern California Edison and SCE
Corporation. Prior thereto, he was Executive Vice President of such entities
since January 1986. Mr. Peevey has been President and Chief Executive Officer of
New Energy Partners since March 1995. Mr. Peevey serves as a Director of
ElectroRent Corporation, Dames & Moore, Inc. and Ocal, Inc.
Norman R. Prouty has been a Director of the Company since the closing of the
Company's initial public offering. Mr. Prouty was a general partner of the
investment banking firm of Lazard Freres & Co., from 1990 to 1993 and a limited
partner during 1994. The firm subsequently became a limited liability company
and Mr. Prouty was a Limited Managing Director during 1995 until his retirement
on December 31, 1995. Since January 1996, Mr. Prouty has been a private
investor. Previously, Mr. Prouty was a Vice President and Senior Credit Officer
of Citibank, N.A. where he was engaged in domestic and international banking for
approximately 20 years.
LIMITATION OF LIABILITY AND INDEMNIFICATION MATTERS
The Company's Articles of Incorporation limit the liability of its
directors. As permitted by the California General Corporation Law, directors
will not be liable to the Company for monetary damages arising from a breach of
their fiduciary duty as directors in certain circumstances. Such limitation does
not affect liability for any breach of a director's duty to the Company or its
shareholders (i) with respect to approval by the director of any transaction
from which he derives an improper personal benefit, (ii) with respect to acts or
omissions involving an absence of good faith, that he believes to be contrary to
the best interests of the Company or its shareholders, that involve intentional
misconduct or a knowing and culpable violation of law, that constitute an
unexcused pattern of inattention that amounts to an abdication of his duty to
the Company or its shareholders, or that show a reckless disregard for his duty
to the Company or its shareholders in circumstances in which he was or should
have been aware, in the ordinary course of performing his duties, of a risk of
serious injury to the Company or its shareholders, or (iii) based
47
on transactions between the Company and its directors or another corporation
with interrelated directors or on improper distributions, loans or guarantees
under applicable sections of the California General Corporation Law. Such
limitation of liability also does not affect the availability of equitable
remedies such as injunctive relief or rescission.
The Company's Bylaws provide that the Company shall indemnify its directors
and officers to the full extent permitted by California law, including
circumstances in which indemnification is otherwise discretionary under
California law, and the Company has entered into indemnity agreements with its
directors and officers providing such indemnity.
CERTAIN TRANSACTIONS
Lon E. Bell, Ph.D., Chief Executive Officer, President and Chairman of the
Board of Directors, founder of the Company and a principal shareholder of the
Company, co-founded CALSTART (a non-profit consortium of companies engaged in
the development and manufacture of products that benefit the environment) in
1992, served as its interim President, and for the last three years has served
on its Board of Directors and been a member of its Executive Committee.
The Company leased space from CALSTART from June 1992 until April 1994 at no
charge, at which time the Company moved to its current facility. On April 1,
1996, the Company signed a lease with CALSTART for a 24,000 square foot
manufacturing and office facility located in Alameda, California for a term
beginning November 15, 1995 and ending December 31, 1996 for an advance payment
of $450,000 and approximately $11,500 per month. The Company presently leases
approximately half of such space on a month to month basis for approximately
$5,700 per month. The Company believes the terms of such lease are at least as
favorable to the Company as those that could have been obtained from
unaffiliated third parties.
The Company managed the Showcase Program, co-managed the Neighborhood
Electric Vehicle Program, and currently manages three other electric vehicle
programs for CALSTART, for which the Company recognized revenues of $679,000
from CALSTART in 1992, $1,649,000 in 1993, $802,000 in 1994, and $2,198,000 in
1995. Such amounts represent reimbursement of expenses incurred by the Company
in managing the Showcase Program in 1992, for four programs in 1993, for three
programs in 1994, and for four programs in 1995.
In March 1993, Dr. Bell granted to Mr. Newman options to purchase 354,485
shares of Class A Common Stock owned by Dr. Bell, of which a portion relate to
Dr. Bell's Escrow Shares. Of the options covering such 354,485 shares, options
to purchase 27,337 shares were cancelled, and Mr. Newman has exercised options
to purchase 60,000 shares. Of Mr. Newman's remaining options from Dr. Bell,
options on 21,787 shares are fully vested and options on 245,361 shares vest
only at such time, if ever, as such Escrow Shares are released as Class A Common
Stock from escrow. The exercise price is $1.15 per share and the options expire
March 31, 2003.
In May 1993, Dr. Bell granted options to purchase 10,000 shares of his Class
A Common Stock each to Directors Messrs. Anderson, Batzel, Hutchcraft, Peevey
and Prouty. Of the 50,000 options, 12,500 (or 2,500 options per director) are
fully vested and the balance will vest at such time, if ever, as the Escrow
Shares are released as Class A Common Stock from the escrow. The exercise price
is $6.00 per share and the options expire in 1999.
In August 1995, Dr. Bell granted options to purchase 10,000 shares of his
Class A Common Stock to Mr. Hamman at $12.00 per share of which 2,500 became
vested in August 1996 and the remaining 7,500 options will vest at such time, if
ever, as the Escrow Shares are released as Class A Common Stock from escrow.
Such options expire in August 2000.
In March 1996, Dr. Bell granted options to purchase 5,000 shares of his
Class A Common Stock to Mr. Coker. Of the 5,000 options, 1,250 will vest in
March of 1997 and the balance will vest at such time, if
48
ever, as the Escrow Shares are released as Class A Common Stock from the escrow.
The exercise price is $10.38 per share and the options expire in March 2001.
In September 1996, Dr. Bell extended a $200,000 working capital loan to the
Company. The loan bears interest at 8% per annum and is payable on demand. A
portion of the proceeds of the Offering will be used to pay interest and
principal on such working capital loan. See "Use of Proceeds."
In the event that the Company goes forward with its proposed joint venture
project in India, the Company and its potential joint venture partner intend to
grant Mr. Prouty options to purchase an equity interest in the joint venture
entity if Mr. Prouty is able to arrange financing for the project from third
party investors.
The Company periodically engages Adaptrans, an entity owned by David Bell,
Dr. Bell's son, for engineering design services. Such services primarily involve
assistance in the development and refinement of the Energy Management System.
Adaptrans is engaged only on an "as needed" basis and the Company pays
approximately $8,000 per month for such services. Through December 31, 1996, the
Company had paid Adaptrans a total of $159,000 for such services. The Company
believes the terms of its engagement of Adaptrans are at least as favorable to
the Company as those that could have been obtained from unaffiliated third
parties.
PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS
The following table sets forth certain information regarding the beneficial
ownership of the Company's Class A Common Stock as of December 31, 1996 by (i)
each person who is known by the Company to own beneficially more than 5% of the
Company's outstanding Class A Common Stock; (ii) each of the Company's directors
and nominees; (iii) each of the named executive officers identified in the
Company's Proxy Statement dated June 17, 1996 and (iv) all executive officers
and directors of the Company as a group:
AMOUNT AND PERCENT OF CLASS
NATURE OF -----------------------
BENEFICIAL BEFORE AFTER
NAME AND ADDRESS(1) OWNERSHIP OFFERING OFFERING
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------- -------- ------------
Lon E. Bell(2)(3)(4)...................................................................... 3,451,938 48.8% 30.6%
Joshua M. Newman(4)(5).................................................................... 21,787 * *
Roy A. Anderson(4)(6)(7).................................................................. 42,500 * *
Roger E. Batzel(4)(6)(7).................................................................. 42,500 * *
John W. Clark............................................................................. 12,500 * *
A. Stephens Hutchcraft, Jr.(4)(6)(7)...................................................... 42,500 * *
Michael R. Peevey(4)(6)(7)................................................................ 42,500 * *
Norman R. Prouty(4)(6)(7)................................................................. 42,500 * *
DDJ Capital Management, LLC............................................................... 560,000 7.9% 5.0%
All executive officers and directors as a group (9 persons)(2)(3)(4)(7)................... 3,668,709 50.4% 32.0%
- ------------------------
* Less than 1%.
(1) For all shareholders other than DDJ Capital Management, LLC, the address is
c/o the Company, 404 E. Huntington Drive, Monrovia, CA 91016. The address
for DDJ Capital Management, LLC is 141 Linden Street, Suite 4, Wellesley, MA
02181.
(2) 2,592,903 of the shares are held in Escrow. See "Escrow Shares" below.
(3) By virtue of the number of shares of stock owned by Dr. Lon Bell, and his
position as an officer, director and founder of the Company, he is deemed
the "parent" of the Company within the meaning of the rules and regulations
promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933 (the "Act"). Dr. Bell has
49
transferred by gift and sale an aggregate of 26,666 shares to each of three
trusts, for which he and his spouse are co-trustees, created for the benefit
of his children. Such shares total 79,998 and are included in Dr. Bell's
beneficial ownership in the above table.
(4) Of these shares, Dr. Bell has granted the following options to purchase
shares of his Class A Common Stock: 267,148 shares to Joshua Newman; 10,000
shares to R. John Hamman, Jr.; 411,072 shares to other employees and
consultants; and 10,000 shares each to Messrs. Anderson, Batzel, Hutchcraft,
Peevey and Prouty. Of the total options outstanding, options to purchase
349,795 shares of Class A Common Stock relate to Dr. Bell's Escrow Shares
and are exercisable only at such time, if ever, as the Escrow Shares are
released as Class A Common Stock from Escrow, and the remaining options do
not relate to Escrow Shares. All of the 738,220 shares issuable upon the
exercise of these options are included in Dr. Bell's beneficial ownership in
the above table.
(5) Includes 21,787 shares issuable upon exercise of options granted by Dr.
Bell, which have vested to date. Does not include 245,361 shares issuable
upon the exercise of options to purchase Dr. Bell's Escrow Shares, which
vest only at such time, if ever, as the Escrow Shares are released from
Escrow.
(6) Includes, as to each of Messrs. Anderson, Batzel, Hutchcraft, Peevey and
Prouty, 2,500 shares issuable upon the exercise of options granted by Dr.
Bell. Does not include, as to each person, 7,500 shares issuable upon the
exercise of options to purchase Dr. Bell's Escrow Shares, which vest only at
such time, if ever, as the Escrow Shares are released from Escrow.
(7) Includes, as to each of Messrs. Anderson, Batzel, Hutchcraft, Peevey and
Prouty, 40,000 shares issuable upon exercise of options granted under the
Company's 1993 Stock Option Plan.
ESCROW SHARES
In order to incent management of the Company to achieve certain stock price
and income targets, and as a condition of the Company's Initial Public Offering
("IPO") in June 1993, the Company's then existing shareholders (the "Original
Shareholders") placed 3,000,000 shares (the "Escrow Shares") of the Company's
Class A Common Stock into escrow pursuant to an agreement (the "Escrow
Agreement") by and among the Original Shareholders, the Company, and the escrow
agent. The Escrow Shares will automatically be released from escrow to the
Original Shareholders upon satisfaction of certain conditions with respect to
1,000,000 shares, referred to as "Escrow Target I," and upon satisfaction of
certain other conditions with respect to an additional 2,000,000 shares,
referred to as "Escrow Target II." The Escrow Agreement will terminate upon the
earlier of the release of all the Escrow Shares or April 30, 1999 (the "Escrow
Period"). During the Escrow Period, the Original Shareholders may vote, but may
not transfer, the Escrow Shares; however, options for Escrow Shares may be
granted. The conditions for release of the Escrow Shares are as follows:
(a) Escrow Target I: 1,000,000 of the Escrow Shares will be released in
the event that the Company's Minimum Pretax Income (as defined below) for
any of the fiscal years ending December 31, 1996, 1997 and 1998 equals or
exceeds the following amounts, after giving effect to the issuance of the
Class A Common Stock offered hereby and the exercise of warrants presently
outstanding and the Class A Warrants to be issued in connection with the
Offering:
PRO FORMA AFTER
THE
PRO FORMA OFFERING AND
AFTER THE EXERCISE OF
FISCAL YEAR ENDING OFFERING WARRANTS
- --------------------------------------------------- ----------- ------------------
(IN THOUSANDS)
December 31, 1996.................................. $ 9,125 $ 14,725
December 31, 1997.................................. 13,688 22,088
December 31, 1998.................................. 18,250 29,450
50
(b) Escrow Target II: The remaining 2,000,000 Shares held in Escrow will
be released in the event that the Company's Minimum Pretax Income (as
defined below) for any of the fiscal years ending December 31, 1996, 1997
and 1998 equals or exceeds the following amounts, after giving effect to the
issuance of the Class A Common Stock offered hereby and the exercise of
warrants presently outstanding and the Class A Warrants to be issued in
connection with the Offering:
PRO FORMA AFTER
THE
PRO FORMA OFFERING AND
AFTER THE EXERCISE OF
FISCAL YEAR ENDING OFFERING WARRANTS
- --------------------------------------------------- ----------- ------------------
(IN THOUSANDS)
December 31, 1996.................................. $ 16,425 $ 26,505
December 31, 1997.................................. 21,900 35,340
December 31, 1998.................................. 27,375 44,175
"Minimum Pretax Income" means for any fiscal year the Company's net income
before provision for income taxes and exclusive of (i) any extraordinary items,
(ii) charges to income resulting from the release of the Escrow Shares or (iii)
charges to income resulting from options granted by Dr. Bell or of options
granted under the Company's 1993 Stock Option Plan, as reflected in the
Company's audited financial statements. The Escrow Agreement provides that the
minimum pretax income conditions in Escrow Target I and Escrow Target II be
adjusted for any issuance of Class A Common Stock after the IPO other than stock
issued upon the exercise of the underwriter's over-allotment option granted in
connection with the IPO, underwriter's warrants granted in connection with the
IPO or options under the 1993 Stock Option Plan.
The escrow targets set forth above were determined by negotiation between
the Company and the underwriter of the IPO and should not be construed to imply
or predict any future earnings by the Company or any increase in the market
price of its securities.
On April 30, 1999, all shares that have not been released from escrow will
automatically be exchanged for shares of Class B Common Stock, which will then
be released from escrow. The Class B Common Stock is neither transferable nor
convertible and its rights with respect to dividends and liquidation
distributions are inferior to those of the Class A Common Stock. See
"Description of Securities--Common Stock." Therefore, the Class B Common Stock
has limited economic value. Any money, securities, rights or property
distributed in respect of the Escrow Shares, including any property distributed
as dividends or pursuant to any stock split, merger, recapitalization,
dissolution, or total or partial liquidation of the Company, shall be held in
escrow until release of the Escrow Shares. Any dividends or other distributions
made with respect to Escrow Shares for which the relevant earnings levels have
not been reached within the Escrow Period will be forfeited and contributed to
the capital of the Company on April 30, 1999.
The Company expects that the release, if any, of the Escrow Shares will be
deemed compensatory and, accordingly, will result in substantial charges to
earnings equal to the fair market value of the Escrow Shares as of the date on
which they are released. Such charges could substantially increase the loss or
reduce or eliminate the Company's net income for financial reporting purposes
for the periods in which the Escrow Shares are released or are probable of being
released. Although the amount of compensation expense recognized by the Company
will not affect total stockholders' equity, it may have a negative effect on the
market price of the Company's securities. See "Management's Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations."
Pursuant to the terms of a shareholders agreement among the Original
Shareholders, if Class B Common Stock is issued at the end of the Escrow Period,
and if any such shareholder, or the beneficiary of the trust which is the
shareholder, is not or ceases to be an employee, director or consultant of the
Company, then all of his shares of Class B Common Stock will be forfeited and
contributed to the capital of the Company by the shareholder for no additional
consideration. Furthermore, the agreement provides
51
that Class B Common Stock may be forfeited by each shareholder in order to
ensure that each shareholder will hold no more than one share of Class B Common
Stock for each share of Class A Common Stock held by such shareholder, if only
Escrow Target I has been met (after giving effect to the release of one-third of
the Escrow Shares to such shareholder), or no more than three shares of Class B
Common Stock for each share of Class A Common Stock held by such shareholder, if
neither target is met.
The following table sets forth the number of Escrow Shares owned by all
original shareholders of the Company:
Dr. Bell......................................................... 2,592,903
Allen Gillespie.................................................. 218,100
Robert Diller.................................................... 129,000
Trusts for the benefit of Dr. Bell's children.................... 59,997
---------
3,000,000
---------
---------
SUBSEQUENT OFFERING
The Company has agreed to register, subsequent to the Offering, an
additional 1,620,000 Class A Warrants (the "Selling Securityholder Warrants")
for sale by the holders thereof (the "Selling Securityholders") and 1,620,000
shares of Class A Common Stock (the "Selling Securityholder Stock") underlying
the Selling Securityholder Warrants, all for resale from time to time by the
Selling Securityholders subject to the restrictions described below. The Selling
Securityholders will obtain the Selling Securityholder Warrants upon completion
of the Offering as a result of the automatic conversion of the Bridge
Debentures. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis--Liquidity and Capital
Resources." The Selling Securityholder Warrants and the Selling Securityholder
Stock are sometimes collectively referred to herein as the "Selling
Securityholder Securities."
The Selling Securityholder Warrants are identical to the Class A Warrants
included in the Units offered hereby. All of the Selling Securityholder Warrants
issued upon conversion of the Bridge Debentures and the Class A Common Stock
issuable upon exercise of such Selling Securityholder Warrants will be
registered under the Securities Act and will become tradeable subsequent to the
Effective Date subject to the following contractual restrictions: each Selling
Securityholder has agreed (i) not to sell, transfer, or otherwise dispose
publicly of the Selling Securityholder Warrants except after the time periods
and in the percentage amounts set forth below, on a cumulative basis, and (ii)
not to exercise the Selling Securityholder Warrants for a period of one year
from the closing of the Offering. Purchasers of the Selling Securityholder
Warrants will not be subject to such restrictions.
PERCENTAGE ELIGIBLE
LOCK-UP PERIOD FOR RESALE
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------
Before 90 days after Closing............................................... 0%
Between 91 and 150 days.................................................... 25%
Between 151 and 210 days................................................... 50%
Between 211 and 270 days................................................... 75%
After 270 days............................................................. 100%
After the one year period following the effective date of the Offering, the
Selling Securityholders will be able to exercise the Selling Securityholder
Warrants and sell the Class A Common Stock issuable upon exercise thereof
without restriction. The Company will not receive any proceeds from the sale of
the Selling Securityholder Warrants. Sales of Selling Securityholder Warrants
issued upon conversion of the Bridge Debentures or the securities underlying
such Class A Warrants or even the potential of such sales could have an adverse
effect on the market prices of the Class A Common Stock and the Class A
Warrants.
52
There are no material relationships between any of the Selling
Securityholders and the Company, nor have any such material relationships
existed within the past three years. The Company has been informed by the
Underwriter that there are no agreements between the Underwriter and any Selling
Securityholder regarding the distribution of the Selling Securityholder Warrants
or the underlying securities.
Under applicable rules and regulations under the Exchange Act, any person
engaged in the distribution of the Selling Securityholder Warrants may not
simultaneously engage in market-making activities with respect to any securities
of the Company during the applicable "cooling-off" period (at least two and
possibly nine business days) prior to the commencement of such distribution.
Accordingly, in the event the Underwriter or Blair & Co. is engaged in a
distribution of the Selling Securityholder Warrants, neither of such firms will
be able to make a market in the Company's securities during the applicable
restrictive period. However, neither the Underwriter nor Blair & Co. has agreed
to nor is either of them obligated to act as broker-dealer in the sale of the
Selling Securityholder Warrants, and the Selling Securityholders may be
required, and in the event Blair & Co. is a market-maker, will likely be
required, to sell such securities through another broker-dealer. In addition,
each Selling Securityholder desiring to sell Warrants will be subject to the
applicable provisions of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations
thereunder, including without limitation Rules 10b-6 and 10b-7, which provisions
may limit the timing of the purchases and sales of shares of the Company's
securities by such Selling Securityholder.
The Selling Securityholders and broker-dealers, if any, acting in connection
with such sales might be deemed to be "underwriters" within the meaning of
Section 2(11) of the Securities Act and any commission received by them and any
profit on the resale of the securities might be deemed to be underwriting
discount and commissions under the Securities Act.
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES
The Company's authorized capital consists of 40,000,000 shares of Class A
Common Stock, no par value, 3,000,000 shares of Class B Common Stock, no par
value, and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, no par value (the "Preferred
Stock").
UNITS
Each Unit consists of 280 shares of the Company's Class A Common Stock, no
par value per share, and 280 Class A Warrants. The public offering price of the
Units will be determined by negotiations between the Company and the
Underwriter, based primarily upon the market price of the outstanding Class A
Common Stock and other factors described in "Underwriting". The components of
the Units will be separately transferable upon issuance.
COMMON STOCK
The holders of each class of common stock have one vote per share on each
matter considered by shareholders. The holders of common stock may cumulate
their votes in the election of directors upon giving notice as required by law.
Shareholders have no preemptive rights. All outstanding shares are, and all
shares to be sold and issued in the Offering will be, fully paid, non-assessable
and legally issued. The Board of Directors is authorized to issue additional
shares of common stock within the limits authorized by the Company's charter and
without shareholder action. Reference is made to the Company's Articles of
Incorporation and By-Laws, as well as to the applicable provisions of the
California General Corporation Law, for a more detailed description of the
rights and liabilities of shareholders.
CLASS A COMMON STOCK
Prior to the Offering, 7,068,500 shares of Class A Common Stock have been
issued and are outstanding, held of record by 50 shareholders (not including
beneficial owners holding in nominee accounts), of which 3,000,000 shares are
Escrow Shares subject to release to the beneficial owners of such
53
shares in the event the Company attains certain pre-tax income goals. See
"Principal Shareholders-- Escrow Shares." Upon consummation of the sale of the
Units offered hereby, there will be 11,268,500 shares of Class A Common Stock
issued and outstanding, 3,000,000 of which will be Escrow Shares.
CLASS B COMMON STOCK
No shares of Class B Common Stock are issued and outstanding. The Class B
Common Stock is non-transferable and non-convertible. Further, the Class B
Common Stock is subject to forfeiture under certain circumstances. See
"Principal Shareholders--Escrow Shares." Holders of the Class B Common Stock
will be entitled to receive, on a per share basis, only five percent (5%) of the
dividends as may be declared by the Board of Directors on the Class A Common
Stock, and five percent (5%) of the amount receivable by holders of Class A
Common Stock upon liquidation or dissolution of the Company.
PREFERRED STOCK
Shares of Preferred Stock may be issued from time to time in one or more
series and the Board of Directors, without further shareholder approval, is
authorized to fix the dividend rights and terms, conversion rights, voting
rights (whole, limited or none), redemption rights and terms, liquidation
preferences, sinking funds and any other rights, preferences, privileges and
restrictions applicable to each such series of Preferred Stock. The purpose of
authorizing the Board of Directors to determine such rights and preferences is
to eliminate delays associated with a shareholder vote on specific issuances.
The issuance of the Preferred Stock, while providing flexibility in connection
with possible acquisitions and other corporate purposes, could, among other
things, adversely affect the voting power of the holders of Class A Common Stock
and, under certain circumstances, make it more difficult for a third party to
gain control of the Company. Such issuance also could adversely affect the
distributions on and liquidation preference of the Class A Common Stock by
creating one or more series of Preferred Stock with distribution or liquidation
preferences senior to the Class A Common Stock. The Company does not currently
intend to issue any shares of its authorized Preferred Stock.
CLASS A WARRANTS
Each Class A Warrant entitles the registered holder thereof to purchase, at
any time until the fifth anniversary of the Effective Date, one share of the
Company's Class A Common Stock at an exercise price of 135% of the amount equal
to the price per Unit to the public divided by 280, subject to adjustment.
Commencing one year from the date hereof, the Company may, upon 30 days' written
notice, redeem each Class A Warrant in exchange for $0.05 per Class A Warrant if
the closing Bid Price of the Class A Common Stock as reported by Nasdaq or the
closing Bid Price on any national stock exchange (if the Company's Class A
Common Stock is listed thereon) shall have, for 30 consecutive business days
ending within 15 days of the date of the notice of redemption, averaged in
excess of 175% of the Class A Warrant exercise price per share (subject to
adjustment in the event of any reverse stock splits or other similar events).
The notice of redemption will be sent to the registered address of the
registered holder of the Class A Warrant. All Class A Warrants must be redeemed
if any are redeemed; provided, however, that the Class A Warrants underlying the
Unit Purchase Option may only be redeemed under limited circumstances. See
"Underwriting."
The Class A Warrants will be issued pursuant to a warrant agreement (the
"Warrant Agreement") among the Company, the Underwriter and U.S. Stock Transfer
Corporation as warrant agent (the "Warrant Agent"), and will be evidenced by
warrant certificates in registered form. The exercise price of the Class A
Warrants was determined by negotiation between the Company and the Underwriter
and should not be construed to be predictive of, or to imply that, any price
increases will occur in the Company's securities. The exercise price of the
Class A Warrants and the number and kind of shares of Class A Common Stock or
other securities and property to be obtained upon exercise of the Class A
Warrants are subject to adjustment in certain circumstances, including a stock
split of, or stock dividend on,
54
or a subdivision, combination or recapitalization of, the Class A Common Stock
or the issuance of shares of Class A Common Stock at less than the market price
of the Class A Common Stock. Additionally, an adjustment would be made upon the
sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company for less than the
market value thereof, a merger or other unusual events (other than share
issuances pursuant to employee benefit and stock incentive plans for directors,
officers and employees of the Company) so as to enable holders of the Class A
Warrants to purchase the kind and number of shares or other securities or
property (including cash) receivable in such event by a holder of the kind and
number of shares of Class A Common Stock that might otherwise have been
purchased upon exercise of such Class A Warrant. No adjustment for previously
paid cash dividends, if any, will be made upon exercise of the Class A Warrants.
The Class A Warrants may be exercised upon surrender of the Class A Warrant
certificate on or prior to the expiration date (or earlier redemption date) of
such Class A Warrants at the offices of the Warrant Agent with the form of
"Election of Purchase" on the reverse side of the Class A Warrant certificate
completed and executed as indicated, accompanied by payment of the full exercise
price (by certified or bank check payable to the order of the Company) for the
number of Class A Warrants being exercised. Shares of Class A Common Stock
issuable upon exercise of Class A Warrants and payment in accordance with the
terms of the Warrants will be fully paid and non-assessable.
The Class A Warrants do not confer upon the holders of Class A Warrants any
voting or other rights of the shareholders of the Company. Upon notice to the
holders of Class A Warrants, the Company has the right to reduce the exercise
price or extend the expiration date of the Class A Warrants. Although this right
is intended to benefit the holders of Class A Warrants, to the extent the
Company exercises this right when the Class A Warrants would otherwise be
exercisable at a price higher than the prevailing market price of the Class A
Common Stock, the likelihood of exercise, and resultant increase in the number
of shares outstanding, may result in making more costly, or impeding, a change
in control of the Company.
The description above is subject to the provisions of the Warrant Agreement,
as amended, which has been filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement, of
which this Prospectus forms a part, and reference is made to such exhibit for a
detailed description thereof.
UNIT PURCHASE OPTION
The Company has agreed to grant to the Underwriter, upon the closing of the
Offering, the Unit Purchase Option to purchase up to 1,500 Units. These Units
will, when issued, be identical to the Units offered hereby, except that the
Class A Warrants included in the Unit Purchase Option are subject to redemption
by the Company, in accordance with the terms of the Warrant Agreement, only at
any time after the Unit Purchase Option has been exercised and the underlying
Class A Warrants are outstanding. The Unit Purchase Option cannot be
transferred, sold, assigned or hypothecated for three years, except to any
officer of the Underwriter or members of the selling group or their officers.
The Unit Purchase Option is exercisable during the two-year period commencing
three years from the date hereof at an exercise price of 130% of the public
offering price per Unit subject to adjustment in certain events to protect
against dilution. The holders of the Unit Purchase Options have certain demand
and piggyback registration rights. See "Underwriting."
REGISTRATION RIGHTS
Commencing two and one-half years from the date of this Prospectus, the
holders of the Unit Purchase Option will have certain demand and piggyback
registration rights relating to such options and the underlying securities.
These registration rights are in addition to the similar demand and piggyback
registration rights granted to the holders of outstanding warrants issued to the
underwriter in connection with the initial public offering of the Company in
1993, which, upon completion of the Offering, will entitle the holders thereof
to purchase up to 226,659 shares of Class A Common Stock exercisable at $8.74
per share until June 4, 1998. The Company has also granted certain piggyback
registration rights to HBI, Sutro
55
& Co., Incorporated, The Galileo Fund, L.P. and The Copernicus Fund, L.P. with
respect to an aggregate of 797,325 shares of Class A Common Stock. The exercise
of the registration rights relating to the Unit Purchase Option or the
outstanding warrants may involve substantial expense to the Company and have a
depressive effect on the market price of the Company's securities.
The Company has also agreed to register, subsequent to the Offering, the
Selling Securityholder Securities for resale by the holders thereof. See
"Subsequent Offering."
CERTAIN RIGHTS
In connection with the Company's 1995 private placement of 750,000 shares of
Class A Common Stock with HBI and two funds currently managed by DDJ
(collectively, the "Purchasers"), the Company granted the Purchasers and their
respective assigns certain rights (the "Rights") to purchase shares of the
Company's capital stock in the event the Company proposes to issue or offer for
sale such shares in certain transactions. Pursuant to such Rights, if the
Company issues or makes any offering of its capital stock in any transaction not
involving an "exempt transaction" (defined to include a registered public
offering and certain other transactions), the Company must offer the Purchasers
or their respective assigns the opportunity to acquire from the Company, on the
same terms such stock is proposed to be issued or offered in such non-exempt
transaction, up to the same number of shares of such stock, allocated pro rata.
The Units offered hereby are not subject to such Rights. The Rights expire by
their terms on June 30, 1997.
TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR
The Transfer Agent and Registrar for the Company's Class A Common Stock and
the Warrant Agent for the Class A Warrants is U.S. Stock Transfer Corporation,
1745 Gardena Avenue, Suite 200, Glendale, California 91204.
SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE
Immediately prior to the Offering, the Company will have outstanding an
aggregate of 7,068,500 shares of Class A Common Stock. 3,000,000 of such shares
are Escrow Shares not transferable unless released from escrow pursuant to the
Escrow Agreement. See "Principal Shareholders -- Escrow Shares." In addition, an
aggregate of 264,757 shares of Class A Common Stock are issuable pursuant to
outstanding warrants. Of the 4,068,500 shares of Class A Common Stock
outstanding prior to the Offering that are not Escrow Shares, 795,197 are
"restricted securities" as that term is defined under Rule 144. All such shares
of Class A Common Stock will be eligible for sale under Rule 144 (subject to the
restrictions on transfer agreed to between the current shareholders and the
Underwriter, as set forth below, and the restrictions on transfer with respect
to the Escrow Shares) and will be freely transferable without restriction under
the Securities Act except for any shares purchased by any person who is or
thereby becomes an "affiliate" of the Company, which shares will be subject to
the resale limitations contained in Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities
Act.
In general, under Rule 144, as currently in effect, a person (or persons
whose shares are aggregated), with respect to restricted securities that satisfy
a two-year holding period, may sell within any three-month period a number of
restricted shares which does not exceed the greater of 1% of the then
outstanding shares of such class of securities or the average weekly trading
volume during the four calendar weeks prior to such sale. Sales under Rule 144
are also subject to certain requirements as to the manner of sale, notice and
the availability of current public information about the Company. Rule 144 also
permits, under certain circumstances, the sale of shares by a person who is not
an affiliate of the Company, with respect to restricted securities that satisfy
a three-year holding period, without regard to the volume or other resale
limitations. For shares issued in consideration of an unsecured or non-recourse
promissory note, the holding period does not commence until the note is paid in
full. The above is a brief summary of Rule 144 and is not intended to be a
complete description thereof.
56
The "restricted" Class A Common Stock currently is eligible for sale
pursuant to Rule 144. However, the directors and executive officers of the
Company and certain holders of 5% or more of the outstanding Class A Common
Stock have agreed not to sell, assign or transfer any of their shares of Class A
Common Stock, options or warrants for a period of 13 months after the closing
date of the Offering without the prior consent of the Underwriter. In addition,
the Company has granted certain registration rights with respect to the Unit
Purchase Option and the securities underlying it. See "Underwriting."
Pursuant to registration rights acquired in the Bridge Financing, the
Company will, subsequent to the Offering, register for resale on behalf of the
Selling Securityholders, the Selling Securityholder Securities, subject to the
contractual restriction that the Selling Securityholders have agreed (i) not to
exercise the Selling Securityholder Warrants for a period of one year for the
closing of the Offering and (ii) not to sell the Selling Securityholder Warrants
except pursuant to the restrictions set forth below:
PERCENTAGE ELIGIBLE
LOCK-UP PERIOD FOR RESALE
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------
Before 90 days after closing............................................... 0%
Between 91 and 150 days after closing...................................... 25%
Between 151 and 210 days after closing..................................... 50%
Between 211 and 270 days after closing..................................... 75%
After 270 days after closing............................................... 100%
Following the Offering, no predictions can be made of the effect, if any, of
future public sales of restricted shares or the availability of restricted
shares for sale in the public market. Moreover, the Company cannot predict the
number of shares of Class A Common Stock that may be sold in the future pursuant
to Rule 144 because such sales will depend on, among other factors, the market
price of the Class A Common Stock and the individual circumstances of the
holders thereof. The availability for sale of substantial amounts of Class A
Common Stock acquired through the exercise of the Class A Warrants under Rule
144, other options or the Unit Purchase Option could adversely affect prevailing
market prices for the Class A Common Stock.
Beginning two and one-half years from the date of this Prospectus, the
holders of the Unit Purchase Option will have demand and piggy-back registration
rights relating to such options and the underlying securities and the holders of
warrants issued to the underwriter in connection with the Company's initial
public offering in 1993 will have certain demand and piggy-back registration
rights with respect to 226,659 shares of Class A Common Stock into which such
warrants are exercisable. See "Underwriting." The Company has also granted
certain piggyback registration rights to HBI, Sutro & Co., Incorporated, The
Galileo Fund, L.P. and The Copernicus Fund, L.P. with respect to an aggregate of
797,325 shares of Class A Common Stock.
Except as set forth above, no stockholder of the Company, nor any holder of
warrants to purchase shares of the Class A Common Stock, has any registration
rights.
57
UNDERWRITING
D.H. Blair Investment Banking Corp. (the "Underwriter") has agreed, subject
to the terms and conditions of the Underwriting Agreement, to purchase the
15,000 Units offered hereby from the Company on a "firm commitment" basis, if
any are purchased. It is expected that Blair & Co., will distribute as a selling
group member substantially all of the Units offered hereby. Blair & Co. is
substantially owned by family members of J. Morton Davis. Mr. Davis is the sole
stockholder of the Underwriter.
The Underwriter has advised the Company that it proposes to offer the Units
to the public at the public offering price set forth on the cover page of this
Prospectus, and that it may allow, to selected dealers who are members of the
National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. (the "NASD"), concessions, not
in excess of $ per Unit, of which not in excess of $ per Unit may be
reallowed to other dealers who are members of the NASD. After the public
offering, the public offering price, concessions and reallowances may be changed
by the Underwriter.
The Company has granted an option to the Underwriter, exercisable during the
45-day period from the date of this Prospectus, to purchase up to 2,250
additional Units at the public offering price set forth on the cover page of
this Prospectus, less the underwriting discounts and commissions. The
Underwriter may exercise this option in whole, or, from time to time, in part,
solely for the purpose of covering over-allotments, if any, made in connection
with the sale of the Units offered hereby.
The Company has agreed to pay to the Underwriter a non-accountable expense
allowance representing 3% of the aggregate offering price of the Units offered
hereby (plus 3% of the aggregate offering price of any Units purchased pursuant
to the Underwriter's Over-allotment Option), $40,000 of which has been paid to
date.
The Company has agreed to sell to the Underwriter and its designees, on the
closing date of the Offering, for nominal cost, the Unit Purchase Option (the
"Unit Purchase Option") to purchase up to 1,500 Units at an exercise price of
130% of the price per Unit to the public, subject to certain anti-dilution
provisions. The Units purchasable upon exercise of the Unit Purchase Option are
identical to the Units offered hereby, except that the Warrants contained
therein are subject to redemption by the Company, in accordance with the terms
of the Warrant Agreement, only after the Unit Purchase Option has been exercised
and the underlying warrants are outstanding. The Unit Purchase Option will be
exercisable during the two-year period commencing three years from the date of
this Prospectus. The Unit Purchase Option may not be transferred, sold, assigned
or hypothecated for three years from the date of this Prospectus except to any
NASD member participating in the offering or any officers of the Underwriter or
any such NASD member. The Company has agreed to register under the Securities
Act at its expense on one occasion, and at the expense of the Underwriter on
another occasion, the Unit Purchase Option and/ or the underlying securities at
the request of the holder thereof. The Company has also agreed to certain
"piggyback" registration rights for the holders of the Unit Purchase Option
and/or the underlying securities.
For the life of the Unit Purchase Option, the holders are given the
opportunity to profit from a rise in the market price of the Company's Common
Stock and Class A Warrants with a resulting dilution in the interest of other
shareholders. The Company may find it more difficult to raise additional equity
capital while the Unit Purchase Option is outstanding and, at any time when the
holders of the Unit Purchase Option might be expected to exercise it, the
Company would probably be able to obtain equity capital on terms more favorable
than those provided in the Unit Purchase Option.
Except for HBI, the Copernicus Fund and the Galileo Fund, all of the current
directors and executive officers of the Company, all shareholders owning 5% or
more of the issued and outstanding Class A Common Stock of the Company and
certain holders of 1% but less than 5% of all of the issued and outstanding
Class A Common Stock of the Company have agreed not to sell, transfer or assign
any of their
58
shares of Common Stock, options or warrants without the prior written consent of
the Underwriter for a period of 13 months from the closing date of the Offering,
other than (i) bona fide gifts and transfers to trusts for estate planning
purposes where the transferee agrees to be bound by the transfer restrictions
described herein and (ii) the sale of shares owned by Lon E. Bell, Ph.D.,
pursuant to the exercise, by the holders thereof, of options on such shares
previously granted by Dr. Bell.
In connection with the Offering, the Company has extended the term of an
agreement providing for the payment of a fee to the Underwriter in the event the
Underwriter is responsible for a merger or other acquisition transaction to
which the Company is a party until five years from the date of completion of the
Offering.
The Underwriter acted as the sole underwriter for the Company's initial
public offering in June 1993. In connection therewith, the Underwriter received
warrants which, upon completion of the Offering, will entitle the holders
thereof to purchase 226,659 shares of Class A Common Stock exercisable at $8.74
per share.
The Underwriting Agreement provides for reciprocal indemnification between
the Company and the Underwriter against certain liabilities, including
liabilities under the Securities Act.
The Company has agreed not to solicit Class A Warrant exercises other than
through the Underwriter, unless the Underwriter declines to make such
solicitation. Upon any exercise of the Class A Warrants after the first
anniversary of the date of this Prospectus, the Company will pay the Underwriter
a fee of 5% of the aggregate exercise price of the Class A Warrants, if (i) the
market price of the Company's Common Stock on the date the Class A Warrants are
exercised is greater than the then exercise price of the Class A Warrants; (ii)
the exercise of the Class A Warrants was solicited by a member of the NASD, as
designated in writing on the warrant certificate subscription form; (iii) the
Class A Warrants are not held in a discretionary account; (iv) disclosure of
compensation arrangements was made both at the time of the Offering and at the
time of exercise of the Class A Warrants; and (v) the solicitation of exercise
of the Class A Warrant was not in violation of Rule 10b-6 promulgated under the
Exchange Act.
In connection with the Offering, the Underwriter may engage in passive
market making transactions in the Class A Common Stock on Nasdaq in accordance
with Rule 10b-6A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, during
the two business day period before commencement of offers or sales of the Units.
The passive market making transactions must comply with applicable volume and
price limits and be identified as such. In general, a passive market maker may
display its bid at a price not in excess of the highest independent bid for the
security; if all independent bids are lowered below the passive market maker's
bid, however, such bid must then be lowered when certain purchase limits are
exceeded. Unless granted an exemption by the Commission from Rule 10b-6, the
Underwriter will be prohibited from engaging in any other market marking
activities with regard to the Company's securities for the period from nine
business days (or such other applicable period as Rule 10b-6 may provide) prior
to any solicitation by the Underwriter of the exercise of the Class A Warrants
until the later of the termination of such solicitation activity or the
termination (by waiver or otherwise) of any right that the Underwriter may have
to receive a fee for the exercise of Class A Warrants following such
solicitation. As a result, the Underwriter may be unable to continue to provide
a market for the Company's securities during certain periods while the Class A
Warrants are exercisable. The Commission has recently adopted Regulation M,
which will replace Rule 10b-6 and certain other rules promulgated under the
Exchange Act. Upon its effectiveness in March 1997, Regulation M will result in,
among other things, modifications of (i) the restricted or "cooling off" periods
referenced above from two and nine business days (under current Rule 10b-6) to
one and five business days and (ii) the criteria used to determine the
applicable period.
The Company has agreed with the Underwriter that the Underwriter will have
the right to appoint one director to the Company's Board of Directors for a
period of five years following the completion of the Offering.
59
The exercise prices and other terms of the Class A Warrants have been, and
the public offering price of the Units will be, determined by negotiations
between the Company and the Underwriter and are not necessarily related to the
Company's asset value, net worth or other established criteria of value. Factors
considered in determining the exercise price and other terms of the Class A
Warrants, and to be considered in determining the public offering price of the
Units, include the market price of the Class A Common Stock, the present state
of the Company's development, the future prospects of the Company, an assessment
of management, the general condition of the securities markets and other factors
deemed relevant.
The Underwriter has informed the Company that the Commission is conducting
an investigation concerning various business activities of the Underwriter and
Blair & Co., a selling group member which will distribute substantially all of
the Units offered hereby. The investigation appears to be broad in scope,
involving numerous aspects of the Underwriter's and Blair & Co.'s compliance
with Federal securities laws and compliance with the Federal securities laws by
issuers whose securities were underwritten by the Underwriter or Blair & Co., or
in which the Underwriter or Blair & Co. made over-the-counter markets, persons
associated with the Underwriter or Blair & Co., such issuers and other persons.
The Company has been advised by the Underwriter that the investigation has been
ongoing since at least 1989 and that the Underwriter is cooperating with the
investigation. The Underwriter cannot predict whether this investigation will
ever result in a formal enforcement action against the Underwriter or Blair &
Co. or, if so, whether any such action might have an adverse effect on the
Underwriter, Blair & Co. or the securities offered hereby. The Company has been
advised that the Underwriter or Blair & Co. intends to make a market in the
securities following the Offering. An unfavorable resolution of the Commission's
investigation could have the effect of limiting such firm's ability to make a
market in the Company's securities, which could adversely affect the liquidity
or price of such securities.
LEGAL MATTERS
Certain legal matters in connection with the Offering have been passed upon
for the Company by O'Melveny & Myers LLP, Los Angeles, California. Bachner,
Tally, Polevoy & Misher LLP, New York, New York, have acted as counsel to the
Underwriter in connection with the Offering.
EXPERTS
The financial statements as of December 31, 1995 and 1994 and for each of
the three years ended December 31, 1995, and for the period April 23, 1991
(Inception) to December 31, 1995 included in this Prospectus have been so
included in reliance on the report (which contains an explanatory paragraph
relating to the Company's need to obtain financing to repay its debt and finance
continued operations) of Price Waterhouse LLP, independent accountants, given on
the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE
Pursuant to Item 12 of the Instructions to Form S-2, the following documents
are hereby incorporated herein in their entirety by reference thereto:
(1) The Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the Company's fiscal year
ended December 31, 1995.
(2) The Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q/A for the three-month period
ended March 31, 1996.
(3) The Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q/A for the three-month period
ended June 30, 1996.
60
(4) The Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three-month period
ended September 30, 1996.
(5) The Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 17, 1996.
AVAILABLE INFORMATION
The Company has filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the
"Commission"), Washington, D.C., a Registration Statement on Form S-2 under the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended, with respect to the securities offered
hereby. This Prospectus does not contain all of the information set forth in
such Registration Statement and the exhibits thereto. For further information
with respect to the Company and the Units, reference is hereby made to the
Registration Statement and the exhibits thereto, which may be inspected without
charge at the public reference facilities maintained at the principal office of
the Commission at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Room 1024, Washington D.C. 20549 and
at the Commission's regional offices at 7 World Trade Center, New York, New York
10048 and Northwestern Atrium Center, 500 West Madison Street, Suite 1400,
Chicago, Illinois 60661. Copies of such materials may be obtained upon written
request from the public reference section of the Commission, 450 Fifth Street,
N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549, at prescribed rates. Electronic registration
statements made through the Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval
System are publicly available through the Commission's Web site
(http://www.sec.gov). Statements contained in the Prospectus as to the contents
of any contract or other document referred to herein are not necessarily
complete and in each instance reference is made to the copy of such contract or
other document filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement, each such
statement being qualified in all respects by such reference.
The Company is subject to the informational requirements of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 and, in accordance therewith, files reports and other
information with the Commission. Such reports and other information filed by the
Company may be inspected and copied at the public reference facilities
maintained by the Commission at the addresses shown above. Copies of such
material can be obtained from the Public Reference Section of the Commission at
the address shown above at prescribed rates or through the Commission's Web
site. Reports and other information concerning the Company may also be inspected
at the offices of the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc., 1735 K
Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006.
The Class A Common Stock is listed on the Nasdaq SmallCap Market (symbol
ARGNA). Certain information, reports and proxy statements of the Company are
also available for inspection at the offices of the Nasdaq National Market
Reports Section, 1735 K Street, Washington, D.C. 20006.
The Company hereby undertakes to provide without charge to each person to
whom a copy of this Prospectus has been delivered, upon the written or oral
request of such person, a copy of any or all of the documents referred to in
"Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference" which have been or may be
incorporated in this Prospectus by reference, other than exhibits to such
documents. Requests for such copies should be directed to Amerigon Incorporated,
404 East Huntington Drive, Monrovia, California 91016-3600, Attention: R. John
Hamman, Jr. (telephone 818-932-1200).
61
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
PAGE
---------
Report of Independent Accountants.......................................................................... F-2
Balance Sheet.............................................................................................. F-3
Statement of Operations.................................................................................... F-4
Statement of Shareholders' Equity.......................................................................... F-5
Statement of Cash Flows.................................................................................... F-6
Notes to Financial Statements.............................................................................. F-7
F-1
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
Amerigon Incorporated (a Development Stage Enterprise)
In our opinion, the accompanying balance sheet and the related statements of
operations, of shareholders' equity and of cash flows present fairly, in all
material respects, the financial position of Amerigon Incorporated (a
Development Stage Enterprise) at December 31, 1994 and 1995, and the results of
its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period
ended December 31, 1995, and for the period from April 23, 1991 (inception) to
December 31, 1995, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management;
our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based
on our audits. We conducted our audits of these statements in accordance with
generally accepted auditing standards which require that we plan and perform the
audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are
free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis,
evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements,
assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We
believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for the opinion expressed
above.
The Company has incurred significant losses during 1996, is in default of
its bank line of credit agreement, and has entered into a bridge financing
agreement. As more fully described in Note 14 to the financial statements, the
Company will need to obtain additional financing to repay its debt and finance
continued operations.
PRICE WATERHOUSE LLP
Costa Mesa, California
February 26, 1996, except
as to Note 14 which is as
of December 4, 1996
F-2
AMERIGON INCORPORATED
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE ENTERPRISE)
BALANCE SHEET
(IN THOUSANDS)
ASSETS
DECEMBER 31,
-----------------
1994 1995
------- -------- SEPTEMBER 30,
1996
---------------
(UNAUDITED)
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents................................................................. $ 2,405 $ 4,486 $ 268
Short term investments.................................................................... 2,910 -- --
Accounts receivable less allowance of $100 in 1994 and 1995 (Note 13)..................... 768 1,052 1,053
Unbilled revenue (Notes 10 and 11)........................................................ 275 1,468 2,565
Inventory (Note 4)........................................................................ -- 243 127
Deferred contract costs................................................................... -- -- 700
Prepaid expenses and other assets......................................................... 89 961 460
------- -------- ---------------
Total current assets.................................................................. 6,447 8,210 5,173
Property and equipment, net (Note 4)...................................................... 715 785 703
------- -------- ---------------
Total assets.......................................................................... $ 7,162 $ 8,995 $ 5,876
------- -------- ---------------
------- -------- ---------------
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable (Note 13)................................................................ $ 262 $ 1,123 $ 1,533
Deferred revenue (Note 10)................................................................ 1,754 94 141
Accrued liabilities (Note 4).............................................................. 282 512 416
Note payable to shareholder............................................................... 200
Bank loan payable......................................................................... 2,532
------- -------- ---------------
Total current liabilities............................................................. 2,298 1,729 4,822
------- -------- ---------------
Long-term portion of capital lease (Note 12).................................................. 78 68 50
------- -------- ---------------
Commitments (Notes 9 and 12)
Shareholders' equity: (Notes 7 and 8)
Preferred Stock, no par value; 5,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding
Common Stock:
Class A--No par value; 17,000 shares authorized, 3,300 and 4,050 issued and outstanding
in 1994 and 1995, respectively. (An additional 3,000 shares held in escrow)........... 11,634 17,270 17,321
Class B--No par value; 3,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding.............
Contributed capital....................................................................... 3,102 3,115 3,115
Deficit accumulated during development stage.............................................. (9,950) (13,187) (19,432)
------- -------- ---------------
Total shareholders' equity............................................................ 4,786 7,198 1,004
------- -------- ---------------
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity............................................ $ 7,162 $ 8,995 $ 5,876
------- -------- ---------------
------- -------- ---------------
See accompanying notes to the financial statements.
F-3
AMERIGON INCORPORATED
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE ENTERPRISE)
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
(IN THOUSANDS EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
FROM FROM
APRIL 23, APRIL 23,
1991 1991
(INCEPTION) NINE MONTHS ENDED (INCEPTION)
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, TO SEPTEMBER 30, TO
------------------------------- DECEMBER 31, -------------------- SEPTEMBER 30,
1993 1994 1995 1995 1995 1996 1996
--------- --------- --------- ------------- --------- --------- -------------
(UNAUDITED) (UNAUDITED)
Revenues:
Development contracts and
related grants........... $ 188 $ 1,336 $ 7,290 $ 8,814 $ 4,326 $ 6,382 $ 15,196
Grants..................... 2,101 1,304 519 5,824 480 119 5,943
--------- --------- --------- ------------- --------- --------- -------------
Total revenues............... 2,289 2,640 7,809 14,638 4,806 6,501 21,139
--------- --------- --------- ------------- --------- --------- -------------
Costs and expenses:
Direct development contract
and related grant
costs.................... 525 928 5,332 6,785 3,895 9,142 15,927
Direct grant costs......... 1,649 803 339 4,522 390 101 4,623
Research and development... 1,578 2,137 2,367 6,659 1,785 1,544 8,203
Selling, general and
administrative, including
reimbursable
administrative costs..... 2,340 3,235 3,135 10,377 1,820 1,838 12,215
--------- --------- --------- ------------- --------- --------- -------------
Total costs and expenses..... 6,092 7,103 11,173 28,343 7,890 12,625 40,968
--------- --------- --------- ------------- --------- --------- -------------
Operating loss............... (3,803) (4,463) (3,364) (13,705) (3,084) (6,124) (19,829)
Interest income.............. 163 228 127 518 124 42 560
Interest expense............. (163) (163)
--------- --------- --------- ------------- --------- --------- -------------
Net loss..................... $ (3,640) $ (4,235) $ (3,237) $ (13,187) $ (2,960) $ (6,245) $ (19,432)
--------- --------- --------- ------------- --------- --------- -------------
--------- --------- --------- ------------- --------- --------- -------------
Net loss per share........... $ (1.64) $ (1.28) $ (0.98) $ (0.90) $ (1.54)
--------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
--------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
Weighted average number of
shares outstanding......... 2,213 3,300 3,306 3,300 4,060
--------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
--------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
See accompanying notes to the financial statements.
F-4
AMERIGON INCORPORATED
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE ENTERPRISE)
STATEMENT OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
(IN THOUSANDS)
COMMON STOCK
--------------------------------- DEFICIT
ACCUMULATED
PREFERRED STOCK CLASS A CLASS B DURING THE
--------------- ---------------- --------------- CONTRIBUTED DEVELOPMENT
SHARES AMOUNT SHARES AMOUNT SHARES AMOUNT CAPITAL STAGE TOTAL
------ ------ ------ ------- ------ ------ ----------- ----------- ------
Balance at April 23, 1991 (Inception)... -- -- 1,000 $ 100 -- -- -- -- $ 100
Contributed capital--founders'
services provided without
compensation........................ $ 111 111
Net loss.............................. $ (616) (616)
------ ------ ------ ------- ------ ------ ----------- ----------- ------
Balance at December 31, 1991............ -- -- 1,000 100 -- -- 111 (616) (405)
Transfer of common stock to employee by
principal shareholder for services.... 150 150
Contributed capital--founders' services
provided without compensation......... 189 189
Net loss.............................. (1,459) (1,459)
------ ------ ------ ------- ------ ------ ----------- ----------- ------
Balance at December 31, 1992............ -- -- 1,000 100 -- -- 450 (2,075) (1,525)
Issuance of common stock (public
offering)........................... 2,300 11,534 11,534
Options granted by pricipal
shareholder for services............ 549 549
Contribution of notes payable to
contributed capital................. 2,102 2,102
Net loss.............................. (3,640) (3,640)
------ ------ ------ ------- ------ ------ ----------- ----------- ------
Balance at December 31, 1993............ -- -- 3,300 11,634 -- -- 3,101 (5,715) 9,020
Compensation recorded for variable
plan stock option (Note 8).......... 1 1
Net loss.............................. (4,235) (4,235)
------ ------ ------ ------- ------ ------ ----------- ----------- ------
Balance at December 31, 1994............ -- -- 3,300 11,634 -- -- 3,102 (9,950) 4,786
Private placement of common stock..... 750 5,636 1 5,637
Compensation recorded for variable
plan stock option (Note 8).......... 12 12
Net loss.............................. (3,237) (3,237)
------ ------ ------ ------- ------ ------ ----------- ----------- ------
Balance at December 31, 1995............ -- -- 4,050 17,270 -- -- 3,115 (13,187) 7,198
Unaudited Information:
Exercise of stock options............. 19 145 145
Expenses of sale of stock............. (94 ) (94)
Net loss.............................. (6,245) (6,245)
------ ------ ------ ------- ------ ------ ----------- ----------- ------
Balance at September 30, 1996........... -- -- 4,069 $17,321 -- -- $3,115 $(19,432) $1,004
------ ------ ------ ------- ------ ------ ----------- ----------- ------
------ ------ ------ ------- ------ ------ ----------- ----------- ------
See accompanying notes to the financial statements
F-5
AMERIGON INCORPORATED
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE ENTERPRISE)
STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
(IN THOUSANDS)
FROM APRIL NINE MONTHS ENDED FROM APRIL
23, 1991 23, 1991
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, (INCEPTION) SEPTEMBER 30, (INCEPTION)
------------------------------- TO DECEMBER -------------------- TO SEPTEMBER
1993 1994 1995 31, 1995 1995 1996 30, 1996
--------- --------- --------- ------------- --------- --------- -------------
(UNAUDITED) (UNAUDITED)
Operating Activities:
Net Loss........................... $ (3,640) $ (4,235) $ (3,237) $ (13,187) $ (2,960) $ (6,245) $ (19,432)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss
to net cash used in operating
activities:
Depreciation and amortization.... 65 176 283 554 221 269 823
Provision for doubtful
accounts....................... -- 100 10 110 -- -- 110
Stock option compensation........ 549 1 12 712 -- -- 712
Contributed capital--founders'
services provided without cash
compensation................... -- -- -- 300 -- -- 300
Change in operating assets and
liabilities:
Accounts receivable............ (544) (286) (294) (1,162) 457 (1) (1,163)
Unbilled revenue............... 436 (32) (1,193) (1,468) (1,036) (1,097) (2,565)
Inventory...................... -- -- (243) (243) (515) 116 (127)
Deferred contract costs........ -- -- -- -- -- (700) (700)
Prepaid expenses and other
assets....................... (55) (23) (872) (960) (204) 501 (459)
Accounts payable............... 162 (203) 861 1,123 342 410 1,533
Deferred revenue............... 46 1,708 (1,660) 94 (868) 47 141
Accrued liabilities............ 102 92 230 512 (22) (96) 416
--------- --------- --------- ------------- --------- --------- -------------
Net cash used in operating
activities....................... (2,879) (2,702) (6,103) (13,615) (4,585) (6,796) (20,411)
--------- --------- --------- ------------- --------- --------- -------------
Investing activities:
Purchase of property and
equipment........................ (134) (635) (353) (1,271) (276) (187) (1,458)
Proceeds from disposition of
property......................... -- 9 -- 9 -- -- 9
Short term investments............. -- (2,910) 2,910 -- 2,910 -- --
--------- --------- --------- ------------- --------- --------- -------------
Net cash used in investing
activities..................... (134) (3,536) 2,557 (1,262) 2,634 (187) (1,449)
--------- --------- --------- ------------- --------- --------- -------------
Financing activities:
Proceeds from sale of common stock,
net.............................. 11,534 -- 5,636 17,270 -- (94) 17,176
Proceeds from sale of warrants..... -- -- 1 1 -- -- 1
Proceeds from exercise of stock
options.......................... -- -- -- -- -- 145 145
Borrowing under line of credit..... -- -- 1,100 1,100 -- 5,180 6,280
Repayment of line of credit........ -- -- (1,100) (1,100) -- (2,648) (3,748)
Repayment of capital lease......... -- -- (10) (10) (10) (18) (28)
Proceeds from note payable to
shareholder...................... -- -- -- -- -- 200 200
Notes payable contributed to
capital.......................... -- -- -- 2,102 -- -- 2,102
--------- --------- --------- ------------- --------- --------- -------------
Net cash provided by financing
activities..................... 11,534 -- 5,627 19,363 (10) 2,765 22,128
--------- --------- --------- ------------- --------- --------- -------------
Net increase (decrease) in cash...... 8,521 (6,238) 2,081 4,486 (1,961) (4,218) 268
Cash and cash equivalents at
beginning of period................ 122 8,643 2,405 -- 2,405 4,486 --
--------- --------- --------- ------------- --------- --------- -------------
Cash and cash equivalents at end of
period............................. $ 8,643 $ 2,405 $ 4,486 $ 4,486 $ 444 $ 268 $ 268
--------- --------- --------- ------------- --------- --------- -------------
--------- --------- --------- ------------- --------- --------- -------------
See accompanying notes to the financial statements
F-6
AMERIGON INCORPORATED
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE ENTERPRISE)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1--THE COMPANY:
Amerigon Incorporated (the "Company" or "Amerigon") is a development stage
enterprise, which was incorporated in California on April 23, 1991, primarily to
develop, manufacture and market proprietary, high technology automotive
components and systems for gasoline-powered and electric vehicles.
Amerigon's activities through December 31, 1995 include (1) obtaining the
rights to the basic technology and continuing development of the audio
navigation system, the climate control seat system, and certain ultra-wideband
radar applications; (2) obtaining financing from grants and other sources and
conducting development programs related to electric vehicles and its other
products; (3) marketing of these development stage products to automotive
companies and their suppliers; and (4) completing the development, in December
1995, of the audio navigation system and selling the first commercial units.
The Company's strategy has been to augment the expenditure of its own funds
on research and development by seeking and obtaining various grants which
support the development of electric vehicles and related technologies. Through
such grant funded activities and development contracts with customers, the
Company has opportunities to gain access to new technologies and to extend its
own product development efforts.
NOTE 2--BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES:
BASIS OF PRESENTATION
The financial statements include amounts that are based on management's
judgments. Certain reclassifications have been made for consistent presentation.
DISCLOSURES ABOUT FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The carrying amount of all financial instruments, comprising cash and cash
equivalents, accounts receivable and unbilled revenues, accounts payable,
accrued expenses and capital leases, approximate fair value because of the short
maturities of these instruments.
USE OF ESTIMATES
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and
disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial
statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the
reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
All investments with original maturities of less than 90 days are considered
cash equivalents.
CONCENTRATION OF CREDIT RISK
Financial instruments which subject the Company to concentration of credit
risk consist primarily of cash equivalents, accounts receivable and unbilled
revenue. Cash equivalents are invested in the money market account of a major
U.S. financial services company and the risk is considered limited. The risk
associated with accounts receivable and unbilled revenue is limited by the large
size and credit worthiness
F-7
AMERIGON INCORPORATED
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE ENTERPRISE)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 2--BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES:
(CONTINUED)
of the Company's commercial customers and the federal and California government
agencies providing grant funding. Three government agencies are included in the
$2,520,000 of accounts receivable and unbilled revenues at December 31, 1995,
representing 22%, 15% and 12%, respectively, of the total. No individual
commercial customer represents greater than 10% of the total. One government
agency and one commercial customer represent 16% and 52%, respectively, of
revenues for the year ending December 31, 1995. Two government agencies and one
commercial customer represent 28%, 10%, and 10%, respectively, of revenues for
the year ending December 31, 1994. For the year ending December 31, 1993, one
funding agency represented 59% of revenues. In addition, revenues from foreign
customers represented 54% of total revenues for the year ended December 31, 1995
and insignificant percentages of revenues for the two preceding years.
INVENTORY
Inventory, other than inventoried purchases relating to development
contracts, is valued at the lower of cost, on the first-in, first-out basis, or
market. Inventory related to development contracts is stated at cost, and is
removed from inventory when used in the development project.
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Property and equipment, including additions and improvements, are recorded
at cost. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as
incurred. When property or equipment is retired or otherwise disposed of, the
related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts. Gains
or losses from retirements and disposals are recorded as other income or
expense.
Property and equipment are depreciated over their estimated useful lives
ranging from three to five years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the
shorter of their estimated useful lives or the term of the lease. Depreciation
and amortization are computed using the straight-line method.
DEVELOPMENT CONTRACT REVENUES
The Company has entered into a series of fixed-price development contracts,
which include (1) specific engineering and tooling services to prepare the
Company's products and the related manufacturing processes for commercial sales
to certain original equipment manufacturers ("OEMs"); (2) the development of
complete electric vehicle systems (Note 10); and (3) prototype products
developed during the research and development process, some of which are sold to
third parties for evaluation purposes. Revenue is recognized on development
contracts using the percentage of completion method or, in the case of short
duration contracts, when the prototype or service is delivered. Revenues earned
are recorded on the balance sheet as Unbilled Revenue until billed. All amounts
received from customers in advance of the development effort are reflected on
the balance sheet as Deferred Revenue until such time as the contracted work is
performed.
GRANT REVENUES
Revenue from government agency grants and other sources pursuant to cost
reimbursement and cost sharing arrangements (Note 11) is recognized when
reimbursable costs have been incurred. Billings on the
F-8
AMERIGON INCORPORATED
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE ENTERPRISE)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 2--BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES:
(CONTINUED)
Company's grant programs are generally subject to the Company achieving certain
milestones or complying with billing schedules designated in the grant
agreements. Accordingly, delays between the time reimbursable grant costs are
incurred and then ultimately billed may occur. Grant revenues earned are
recorded on the balance sheet as Unbilled Revenue until billed.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EXPENSES
Research and development activities are expensed as incurred. These amounts
represent direct expenses for wages, materials and services associated with
development contracts, grant program activities and the development of the
Company's products. Research and development expenses associated with projects
that are specifically funded by development contracts or grant agreements from
customers are classified under Direct Development Contract and Related Grant
Costs or Direct Grant Costs in the Statement of Operations. All other research
and development expenses that are not associated with projects that are
specifically funded by development contracts or grants from customers are
classified as Research and Development. The Company has expensed, as Research
and Development, payments for license rights to technology and minimum royalties
which amounted to $345,000 in 1995, $248,000 in 1994 and $260,000 in 1993.
Research and development does not include any overhead or administrative costs.
ACCOUNTING FOR STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
The Financial Accounting Standards Board has issued Statement of Financial
Accounting Standards No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation" ("SFAS
123"), effective for years beginning after December 15, 1995. For purposes of
recording expense associated with stock-based compensation, the Company intends
to continue to apply the provisions of APB Opinion 25 and related
interpretations. The effect of adoption of SFAS 123 in the year ending December
31, 1996 is not known.
INCOME TAXES
Income taxes for periods subsequent to the Company's election to report as a
"C" Corporation for tax purposes are determined under guidelines prescribed by
Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement No. 109 (SFAS 109), "Accounting
for Income Taxes." Under the liability method specified by SFAS 109, the
deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured each year based on the
difference between the financial statement and tax bases of the assets and
liabilities at the applicable enacted Federal and state tax rates. A valuation
allowance is provided for the portion of net deferred tax assets considered
unlikely to be realized.
NET LOSS PER SHARE
The Company's net loss per share calculations are based upon the weighted
average number of shares of common stock outstanding. Excluded from this
calculation are the 3,000,000 Escrowed Contingent Shares (Note 7). Common stock
equivalents (stock options and stock warrants) are anti-dilutive in 1995, 1994
and 1993 and are excluded from the net loss per share calculation.
F-9
AMERIGON INCORPORATED
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE ENTERPRISE)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 2--BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES:
(CONTINUED)
INTERIM RESULTS (UNAUDITED)
The accompanying balance sheet at September 30, 1996 and the statements of
operations and cash flows for the nine month periods ended September 30, 1995
and 1996 and for the period April 23, 1991 (inception) to September 30, 1996,
and the statement of shareholders' equity for the nine month period ended
September 30, 1996 are unaudited. In the opinion of management, these statements
have been prepared on the same basis as the audited financial statements and
include all adjustments, consisting of only normal recurring adjustments,
necessary for the fair statement of results of the interim periods. The data
disclosed in the notes to the financial statements for those periods are also
unaudited.
RECLASSIFICATIONS
Certain amounts for the year ended December 31, 1995 have been reclassified
to be consistent with the presentation for the nine months ended September 30,
1996 and 1995.
NOTE 3--HISTORICAL LOSSES:
The Company is a development stage enterprise and has incurred losses from
operations since its inception of $13,187,000 through December 31, 1995. The
Company may continue to incur losses for the foreseeable future due to the costs
anticipated to be incurred with the development, manufacture and marketing of
its products. See Note 14 regarding subsequent events including Indispensible
Financing.
NOTE 4--DETAILS OF CERTAIN FINANCIAL STATEMENT COMPONENTS (IN THOUSANDS):
DECEMBER 31,
--------------------
1994 1995
--------- ---------
INVENTORY:
Raw materials and component parts.......................................... -- $ 243
Finished goods............................................................. -- --
--------- ---------
-- $ 243
--------- ---------
--------- ---------
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT:
Equipment.................................................................. $ 372 $ 611
Computer equipment......................................................... 476 578
Leasehold improvements..................................................... 139 151
--------- ---------
987 1,340
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization............................ (272) (555)
--------- ---------
$ 715 $ 785
--------- ---------
--------- ---------
ACCRUED EXPENSES:
Accrued salaries........................................................... $ 116 $ 328
Accrued vacation........................................................... 152 165
Other accrued liabilities.................................................. 14 19
--------- ---------
$ 282 $ 512
--------- ---------
--------- ---------
F-10
AMERIGON INCORPORATED
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE ENTERPRISE)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 5--INCOME TAXES:
There are no assets or liabilities for income taxes, nor income tax expense
included in the financial statements because the Company has incurred losses
since inception for both book and tax purposes. Prior to the effective date of
the initial public offering in 1993, the Company elected to be taxed as an S
corporation for both federal and state income tax purposes. As a result, the
Company was not subject to federal taxation and was subject to state taxation at
a reduced rate (2.5%). Subsequent to the public offering, the Company has
incurred net operating losses for federal and state purposes of $9,559,000 and
$4,778,000 respectively, and has generated tax credits for certain research and
development activities of $301,000 and $167,000 for federal and state purposes,
respectively. Federal net operating losses and tax credits expire from 2008
through 2010 and state net operating losses expire from 1998 through 2000. The
use of such net operating losses would be limited in the event of a change in
control of the Company.
A valuation allowance of $3,919,000 has been provided for the entire amount
of the deferred tax assets created by these net operating loss and tax credit
carry-forwards, which represents an increase in the valuation allowance of
$1,327,000 from December 31, 1994. The remaining temporary differences are
primarily attributable to depreciation, unbilled grant revenue, deferred revenue
and accrued compensated absences.
NOTE 6--LINE OF CREDIT
On November 27, 1995, the Company entered into a line of credit agreement
with a bank under which the Company may borrow up to $4 million based on certain
costs incurred and billings made under a major electric vehicle development
contract (Note 10). The line of credit provides for interest at the prime rate
plus 1.3% and payments from the customer are applied as repayments, unless
otherwise paid by the Company. All assets of the Company have been pledged as
collateral and the loan has been guaranteed by the Company's president, a
principal shareholder. The loan agreement restricts the Company's payment of
dividends and any redemptions or retirement of stock. The agreement contains
certain required financial statement ratios and limits certain loans,
investments, acquisitions and dispositions of assets. The loan agreement expires
June 30, 1996. No amounts are outstanding under the line of credit at December
31, 1995.
NOTE 7--SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY:
COMMON STOCK
The Class A and Class B Common Stock are substantially the same on a
share-for-share basis, except that holders of outstanding shares of Class B
Common Stock will be entitled to receive dividends and distributions upon
liquidation at a per share rate equal to five percent of the per share rate
received by holders of outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock. The Class B
Common Stock is neither transferable nor convertible and is subject to
cancellation under certain circumstances.
PUBLIC OFFERING OF CLASS A COMMON STOCK
In June 1993, the Company sold 2,300,000 shares of its Class A Common Stock
for net proceeds of $11,534,000. The Company issued Warrants to purchase 204,757
shares of Class A Common Stock, as subsequently adjusted pursuant to
anti-dilution provisions (Note 8). Immediately prior to the public
F-11
AMERIGON INCORPORATED
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE ENTERPRISE)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 7--SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY: (CONTINUED)
offering, $2,102,000 of the outstanding balance of notes payable to shareholders
were contributed by the shareholders to the capital of the Company.
PRIVATE PLACEMENT OF CLASS A COMMON STOCK
On December 29, 1995, the Company sold 750,000 shares of its Class A Common
Stock for $6,000,000 and received net proceeds of $5,636,000. The investors
received registration rights pursuant to which the Company must register these
shares. The stock purchase agreement also restricts the sale of additional stock
until June 30, 1996. In addition, the Company issued Warrants to purchase 60,000
shares of Class A Common Stock (Note 8).
ESCROW AGREEMENT
Prior to the effective date of the June 1993 initial public offering,
3,000,000 shares of the Company's Class A Common Stock ("Escrowed Contingent
Shares") were deposited into escrow by the then existing shareholders in
proportion to their then current holdings. These shares are not transferable
(but may be voted) and will be released from escrow in the event the Company
attains certain earnings levels (which have been adjusted for the December 29,
1995, private placement) during the period through December 31, 1998 or the
market price of the Class A Common Stock reaches specified levels during the
period through June 10, 1996.
The release of the Escrowed Contingent Shares will be deemed compensatory
and, accordingly, will result in charges to earnings equal to the fair market
value of the Escrowed Contingent Shares recorded ratably over the period
beginning on the date when management determines that any of the specified
events are probable of being attained and ending on the date when the goal is
attained causing the Escrowed Contingent Shares to be released. At the time a
goal is attained, previously unrecognized compensation expense will be adjusted
by a one-time charge based on the then fair market value of the shares released
from Escrow. Such charges could substantially reduce the Company's net income or
increase the Company's loss for financial reporting purposes in the periods such
charges are recorded. The specified events are not considered probable of
attainment at this time.
On April 30, 1999, all shares that have not been released from Escrow will
automatically be exchanged for shares of Class B Common Stock, which will then
be released from Escrow. Any dividends or other distributions made with respect
to Escrowed Contingent Shares that have not been released from Escrow as Class A
Common Stock will be forfeited and contributed to the capital of the Company on
April 30, 1999.
NOTE 8--STOCK OPTIONS AND STOCK WARRANTS:
1993 STOCK OPTION PLAN
Under the Company's 1993 Stock Option Plan (the "Plan"), as amended in June
1995, 550,000 shares of the Company's Class A Common Stock are reserved for
issuance, pursuant to which officers and employees of the Company as well as
other persons who render services to or are otherwise associated with the
Company are eligible to receive qualified ("incentive") and/or non-qualified
stock options.
F-12
AMERIGON INCORPORATED
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE ENTERPRISE)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 8--STOCK OPTIONS AND STOCK WARRANTS: (CONTINUED)
The Plan, which expires in April 2003, is administered by the Board of
Directors or a stock option committee designated by the Board of Directors. The
selection of participants, allotment of shares, determination of price and other
conditions of purchase of options is to be determined by the Board or stock
option committee at its sole discretion, in order to attract and retain
personnel instrumental to the success of the Company. Incentive stock options
granted under the Plan are exercisable for a period of up to 10 years from the
date of grant at an exercise price which is not less than the fair market value
of the Common Stock on the date of the grant, except that the term of an
incentive stock option granted under the Plan to a shareholder owning more than
10% of the voting power of the Company on the date of grant may not exceed five
years and its exercise price may not be less than 110% of the fair market value
of the Common Stock on the date of the grant.
OPTIONS GRANTED BY PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDER ("BELL OPTIONS")
Dr. Lon Bell, the president and principal shareholder of the Company, has
granted options to purchase shares of his Class A Common Stock, 75% of which are
Escrowed Contingent Shares. The holder of these options can exercise the
portions of his options related to Escrowed Contingent Shares only upon release
of these shares from escrow as Class A Common Stock. The option holder has no
right to purchase Class B Common Stock should such shares be released (Note 7).
Any options granted at prices below fair market value on the date of grant
result in compensation expense with respect to options to purchase the 25% of
such shares not placed in escrow. Compensation expense and a corresponding
adjustment to contributed capital on options to purchase Escrowed Contingent
Shares will be recorded when they are released or it is determined they are
probable of being released as Class A Common Stock.
In 1993, options were granted at prices below fair market value for which
compensation expense was recorded for the non-escrowed shares. Additional
compensation expense will be recorded if the related Escrowed Contingent Shares
are released from escrow. Certain of the Bell options granted during 1993 to one
individual were granted contingent on certain future performance criteria and
are accounted for as a variable plan. The Company recorded $1,000 and $12,231 of
compensation expense in 1994 and 1995, respectively related to 1,500 and 5,028
of those options, respectively.
F-13
AMERIGON INCORPORATED
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE ENTERPRISE)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 8--STOCK OPTIONS AND STOCK WARRANTS: (CONTINUED)
The following table summarizes stock option activity:
1993 STOCK OPTION PLAN BELL OPTIONS
------------------------- -------------------------
NUMBER PRICE NUMBER PRICE
--------- -------------- --------- --------------
Outstanding at December 31, 1992............................ -- --
Granted................................................... 80,000 $ 6.00-8.00 850,572 $ 1.15-8.00
Canceled.................................................. -- (27,337) 1.15
--------- ---------
Outstanding at December 31, 1993............................ 80,000 6.00-8.00 823,235 1.15-8.00
Granted................................................... 63,574 8.25-11.69 -- --
Canceled.................................................. (2,064) 9.00-9.75 -- --
Exercised................................................. -- -- -- --
--------- ---------
Outstanding at December 31, 1994............................ 141,510 $ 6.00-11.69 823,235 $ 1.15-8.00
Granted................................................... 179,775 9.81-12.75 16,614 10.75-12.00
Canceled.................................................. (5,339) 10.50-11.69 (4,640) 1.15
Exercised................................................. -- -- (1,500) 1.15
--------- ---------
Outstanding at December 31, 1995............................ 315,946 6.00-12.75 833,709 1.15-12.00
--------- ---------
--------- ---------
Exercisable at December 31, 1995............................ 279,839 $ 6.00-12.75 162,187 $ 1.15-12.00
--------- ---------
--------- ---------
Shares available for option grants.......................... 234,054
---------
---------
Pursuant to employment agreements with certain key employees, the Company
may grant Company options at the prevailing market price when certain
performance goals are attained. These options are not considered granted as of
December 31, 1995 as neither the option price nor the number of shares subject
to option are determinable.
STOCK WARRANTS
In connection with the Company's June 1993 initial public offering, the
Company issued to the underwriters warrants to purchase 204,757 shares of Class
A Common Stock at $9.67 per share through June 9, 1998, as adjusted for
anti-dilution provisions in the warrant agreements. The Company issued to third
parties warrants to purchase 60,000 shares of Class A Common Stock at $10.25 per
share as a financial advisory fee in connection with the private placement on
December 29, 1995. These warrants expire on December 28, 2000.
NOTE 9--LICENSES:
AUDIO NAVIGATION SYSTEM. The Company has licensed several technologies and
map data sources in connection with its Audio Navigation System and is subject
to royalty payments under each license agreement. In 1993, the Company entered
into a worldwide license to manufacture and sell certain voice activated
navigation systems and software to automotive OEMs and automotive aftermarket
companies. The Company must pay royalties on net commercial sales of the
patented hardware. The terms of the license also include a royalty on sales of
non-patented hardware and a royalty on sales of software. The Company would
receive back from the licensor a royalty on sales by the licensor of software to
the consumer electronics markets. The total minimum royalty due under the
license agreement is $750,000,
F-14
AMERIGON INCORPORATED
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE ENTERPRISE)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 9--LICENSES: (CONTINUED)
payable in installments through June 30, 2002. A minimum royalty of $50,000 was
paid and expensed as Research and Development in each of the years ending June
30, 1995 and 1994. The minimum royalty applicable to the year ending June 30,
1996, is also $50,000. Failure to pay the minimum royalty results in the loss of
the license.
The Company also licenses the right to use certain voice recognition
technology under which a royalty is due based on the cumulative sales of
hardware units. In addition, the Company uses certain geographic data bases for
which it pays a fee based on each map area sold. There are no minimum royalties
under these two agreements.
CLIMATE CONTROLLED SEAT SYSTEM. In 1992, the Company obtained the worldwide
license to manufacture and sell technology for a climate control seat system to
individual automotive OEMs. Under the terms of the license agreement, royalties
are payable based on cumulative net sales. The Company has paid minimum
royalties of $11,500 and $20,800 in 1994 and 1995, respectively.
ULTRA-WIDEBAND RADAR. In January 1994, the Company entered into a license
agreement for exclusive rights in certain automotive applications to certain
radar technology. A licensing fee of $100,000 was paid in January 1994.
Royalties are required to be paid based on cumulative net sales and are subject
to minimum annual royalties beginning in 1995. The minimum royalty payment for
1995 was $50,000 and was expensed as Research and Development.
NOTE 10--MAJOR CONTRACTS
On December 8, 1994, the Company announced that it had entered into
contracts with two Asian manufacturing companies to produce approximately 50
aluminum chassis passenger electric vehicle systems. These contracts, together
with 1995 additions, are valued at approximately $9,600,000, of which the
Company received $1,650,000 during 1994 and $2,230,000 during 1995. The
contracts are scheduled to be completed in 1996. For the years ended December
31, 1994 and 1995, the Company recognized $48,000 and $4,040,000 in revenue,
respectively, from these contracts. At December 31, 1995, $209,000 is included
in Unbilled Revenue representing amounts recognized as revenue for which
billings had not been presented to customers.
In 1995, the Company completed development contracts related to specific
engineering and tooling of the Company's audio navigation system.
NOTE 11--GRANTS
Grant funding received by the Company are essentially cost sharing
arrangements whereby the Company obtains reimbursement from the funding source
for a portion of direct costs and reimbursable administrative expenses incurred
in managing specific programs related to the technologies utilized in the
Company's products. The Company is obligated to provide specified services and
to undertake specified activities under its arrangement with the funding sources
for these programs.
In 1992, CALSTART, Inc. ("CALSTART"), a not-for-profit consortium of public
and private entities (Note 13), was organized to support programs designed to
promote the development of advanced transportation including the advancement of
electric vehicles. CALSTART's support is primarily through the direct or
indirect arrangement of grant funding for such programs. Since 1992, the Company
has been
F-15
AMERIGON INCORPORATED
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE ENTERPRISE)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 11--GRANTS (CONTINUED)
selected by CALSTART to manage or co-manage several such programs. Revenues
recognized from CALSTART related programs were $1,649,000, $802,000 and
$2,198,000 during 1993, 1994 and 1995, respectively. The Company has also
received grants from the California Energy Commission, the Federal Transit
Administration and from the Southern California Air Quality Management District
related to work on its electric vehicle and its climate control seat technology.
As of December 31, 1995, the Company has recorded $1,260,000 relating to
reimbursable costs incurred for which billings had not yet been presented to the
funding agencies. The Company is entitled to obtain future reimbursement from
its funding sources for up to $1,330,000 of direct costs and reimbursable
administrative costs incurred in managing grant programs now in process, most of
which are expected to be completed during 1996.
NOTE 12--COMMITMENTS:
As of December 31, 1995, the Company had in effect compensation agreements
with certain key employees, including each of the officers, which provide for
annual compensation amounts, semi-annual increases in salary based upon the
Consumer Price Index and annual increases based on merit. Several of these
agreements also provide for bonuses based upon performance, and several include
a guaranteed minimum bonus provision. These compensation agreements do not
include an obligation of continued employment; however, bonuses based upon
individual performance objectives achieved prior to termination would be payable
to terminated employees.
In February 1994, the Company executed a sublease on a facility in Monrovia,
California and, in December 1994, the Company executed an amendment to the
sublease adding additional space. As of December 31, 1995, the monthly rent was
$24,000. The lease expires in August 1996, but contains options to renew to July
31, 1997. In December 1995, the Company executed a sublease to December 31,
1996, on a facility in Alameda, California, from CALSTART (Note 13) for a
monthly rental amount of $14,000 and an advance payment of $450,000 which the
Company is amortizing to expense over the term of the lease.
In December 1994, the Company entered into a 60-month capital lease contract
for an IBM computer system with an implicit interest rate of 11.8% and, in July
1995, entered into a 36 month capital lease contract with an implicit interest
rate of 19.7% for additional computer equipment.
The future minimum annual commitments under capital leases as of December
31, 1995 are as follows:
MINIMUM ANNUAL OPERATING
CAPITAL LEASE LEASE
YEAR AMOUNT AMOUNT
- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------- ----------
1996.............................................................. $ 28,000 $ 336,000
1997.............................................................. 28,000 --
1998.............................................................. 27,000 --
1999.............................................................. 22,000 --
-------------- ----------
Total Lease Commitments........................................... 105,000 $ 336,000
----------
----------
Less amount representing interest................................. (20,000)
--------------
$ 85,000
--------------
--------------
F-16
AMERIGON INCORPORATED
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE ENTERPRISE)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 12--COMMITMENTS: (CONTINUED)
The liability for this capitalized amount is classified in the Balance Sheet
as follows:
Current Portion.................................................... $ 17,000
Long-term Portion.................................................. 68,000
---------
Total.............................................................. $ 85,000
---------
---------
Rent expense for the years ended December 31, 1993, 1994 and 1995 were none,
$193,000 and $291,000, respectively.
NOTE 13--RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS:
Dr. Bell, the President and principal shareholder of the Company, co-founded
CALSTART (Notes 11 and 12) in 1992, served as its interim President, and for the
last three years has served on CALSTART's Board of Directors and is a member of
its Executive Committee.
The Company leased space from CALSTART from June 1992 until April 1994 at no
charge, at which time the Company moved to its current facility. In December
1995, the Company signed a 13 month lease with CALSTART for a 24,000 square foot
manufacturing and office facility located in Alameda, California for an advance
payment of $450,000 and $14,000 per month (Note 12).
As of December 31, 1995, the Company owes $150,000 to CALSTART related to
the lease, and CALSTART owes to the Company $135,000 relating to amounts
withheld from payments made by CALSTART under several grant programs which will
be paid to the Company upon completion of the respective grant programs.
NOTE 14--SUBSEQUENT EVENTS:
INDISPENSIBLE FINANCING
During 1996, the Company incurred significant losses on its major electric
vehicle development contract, which were recorded in the second and third
quarters of 1996, entered into a Bridge Financing agreement in October 1996
whereby the borrowings under the agreement are due in October 1997 and is
currently in default of its bank line of credit agreement. As a result of these
events, the Company will need to obtain additional financing to repay its debt
and fund continued operations. Management's plans to obtain this additional
financing include attempting to complete a public offering of its common stock.
In the event that the public offering is not successful or sufficient, the
Company will have to obtain a significant infusion of funds, either through
additional debt or sales of equity securities and/or assets. The outcome of such
efforts cannot be assured.
BRIDGE FINANCING
In October 1996, the Company completed a private placement (the "Bridge
Financing") of 60 bridge units (each a "Bridge Unit"), each consisting of one
$47,500 10% unsecured promissory note made by the Company (each a "Bridge Note")
and one $2,500 10% convertible subordinated debenture (each a "Bridge
Debenture"). The Bridge Debentures are due October 31, 1997 and will, upon
successful completion of a public offering involving warrants to purchase Class
A Common Stock, automatically convert into 27,000 warrants to purchase Class A
Common Stock per Bridge Debenture at approximately
F-17
AMERIGON INCORPORATED
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE ENTERPRISE)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 14--SUBSEQUENT EVENTS: (CONTINUED)
135% of the proposed public offering price for the Class A Common Stock. The
holders of such warrants will not be able to exercise the warrants until one
year after the effective date of the proposed public offering. The Bridge Notes
are due at the earlier of the completion of the public offering or one year from
the date of issuance. The net proceeds to the Company from the Bridge Financing
were approximately $2,500,000, net of issuance costs of $500,000.
BANK LINE OF CREDIT
During the third quarter of 1996, the Company's line of credit with a bank
(Note 6) was extended to October 31, 1996. It has since been extended to
December 31, 1996. At September 30, 1996, the Company was in violation of
certain financial and other covenants contained in the loan agreement. However,
the bank has agreed to waive certain of these violations and to forbear until
December 31, 1996 from exercising its rights and remedies with respect to all
others.
NOTE 15--SUBSEQUENT EVENT (UNAUDITED):
During the nine months ended September 30, 1996, the Company experienced
significant cost overruns on the major electric vehicle development contract
(Note 10) resulting from unanticipated design and development difficulties and
delays in the completion of the contract. Accordingly, the Company recorded a
charge to operations of approximately $1,625,000 during the nine months ended
September 30, 1996 for the ultimate estimated loss at completion of the
contract.
The Company's line of credit from the bank and the related forbearance
agreement expired as of December 31, 1996 (See Note 14) but have been extended
orally until January 31, 1997. The Company has sought, and the bank has advised
the Company that it will soon deliver, a written extension to such date.
However, the delivery of such a written extension cannot be assured.
At September 30, 1996, the Company had capitalized approximately $700,000
relating to costs incurred to develop electrical vehicle prototypes, which
management believed were realizable, in connection with a proposed joint venture
in India to develop, market and manufacture electrical vehicles. Upon initial
funding of the joint venture, the Company was to be paid for the amounts due
relating to its development of the prototype electrical vehicles. In September,
October and November of 1996, the Company along with the other participants in
the proposed joint venture were actively involved in discussions and/or
negotiations with several potential investors in the joint venture including one
potential investor which had committed to invest up to $4.5 million subject to
the confirmation of certain conditions and cost assumptions.
In late December 1996, the potential for securing financing from this
investor was jeopardized when certain cost studies performed in December 1996
identified potentially higher than originally expected per unit vehicle costs.
In addition, in November and December of 1996, the other investors either
decided not to invest in the proposed joint venture or offered to invest subject
to significant contingencies. As a result of these developments, the Company
believes that the viability of the joint venture has become questionable and
recoverability of the the deferred contract costs became less probable.
Accordingly, the Company wrote off the $700,000 in deferred contract costs in
December 1996.
F-18
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NO DEALER, SALESPERSON OR ANY OTHER PERSON HAS BEEN AUTHORIZED TO GIVE ANY
INFORMATION OR TO MAKE ANY REPRESENTATIONS OTHER THAN THOSE CONTAINED IN THIS
PROSPECTUS IN CONNECTION WITH THE OFFER CONTAINED HEREIN, AND IF GIVEN OR MADE,
SUCH INFORMATION OR REPRESENTATIONS MUST NOT BE RELIED UPON AS HAVING BEEN
AUTHORIZED BY THE COMPANY OR THE UNDERWRITER. THIS PROSPECTUS DOES NOT
CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO SELL OR A SOLICITATION OF ANY OFFER TO BUY ANY SECURITIES
IN ANY JURISDICTION IN WHICH SUCH AN OFFER OR SOLICITATION WOULD BE UNLAWFUL.
NEITHER THE DELIVERY OF THIS PROSPECTUS NOR ANY SALE MADE HEREUNDER SHALL UNDER
ANY CIRCUMSTANCES CREATE ANY IMPLICATION THAT THERE HAS BEEN NO CHANGE IN THE
AFFAIRS OF THE COMPANY SINCE THE DATE HEREOF.
--------------------------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
-----
Prospectus Summary............................. 3
Risk Factors................................... 7
Use of Proceeds................................ 22
Dilution....................................... 23
Price Range of Common Stock and Dividends...... 24
Capitalization................................. 25
Selected Financial Data........................ 27
Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of
Operations.................................... 28
Business....................................... 34
Management..................................... 46
Certain Transactions........................... 48
Principal Shareholders......................... 49
Subsequent Offering............................ 52
Description of Securities...................... 53
Shares Eligible for Future Sale................ 56
Underwriting................................... 58
Legal Matters.................................. 60
Experts........................................ 60
Incorporation of Certain Information by
Reference..................................... 60
Available Information.......................... 61
Index to Financial Statements.................. F-1
AMERIGON
INCORPORATED
15,000 UNITS
EACH CONSISTING OF 280 SHARES OF
CLASS A COMMON STOCK AND
280 CLASS A WARRANTS
---------------------
PROSPECTUS
---------------------
D.H. BLAIR INVESTMENT
BANKING CORP.
, 1997
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN THE PROSPECTUS
ITEM 14. OTHER EXPENSES OF ISSUANCE AND DISTRIBUTION
The expenses in connection with the Offering, other than underwriting
commissions and discounts, are as follows:
SEC registration fee........................................... $13,488.64
NASD filing fee................................................ 4,951.25
NASDAQ fee..................................................... 8,500.00
Printing and engraving expenses................................ 145,000
Accounting fees and expenses................................. . 125,000
Legal fees and expenses........................................ 250,000
Blue Sky filing fees and expenses.............................. 35,000
Transfer Agent's fees and expenses............................. 2,500
Underwriter's nonaccountable expense allowance................. 450,000.00
Miscellaneous expenses......................................... 15,560.11
----------
Total...................................................... $1,050,000
----------
----------
ITEM 15. INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS.
The Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws of the Company require the Company
to indemnify its officers and directors to the fullest extent permitted by
Section 317 of the California General Corporation Law and applicable law.
Section 317 of the California General Corporation Law makes provision for the
indemnification of officers, directors and other corporate agents in terms
sufficiently broad to indemnify such persons, under certain circumstances, for
liabilities (including reimbursement of expenses incurred) arising under the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Act"). Reference is also made to those
provisions of the Underwriting Agreement filed herewith as Exhibit 1.1 and to
the form of indemnity agreement filed herewith as Exhibit 10.8 indemnifying
officers and directors of the Company against certain liabilities.
ITEM 16. EXHIBITS
EXHIBIT
NUMBER DESCRIPTION
- --------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.1 Form of Underwriting Agreement*
3.1.1 Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation (the "Articles") of the Company(1)
3.1.2 Certificate of Amendment of Articles filed with the California Secretary of State on December 5, 1996.*
3.2 Bylaws of the Company as amended to date(1)
4.1 Form of Warrant Agreement to be entered into among the Company, the Underwriter and U.S. Stock Transfer
Corporation as Warrant Agent*
4.2 Form of Warrant Certificate for Class A Warrant*
4.3 Form of Specimen Certificate of Company's Class A Common Stock(1)
4.4 Escrow Agreement among the Company, U.S. Stock Transfer Corporation and the shareholders named
therein(1)
5.1 Opinion of O'Melveny & Myers LLP regarding legality of securities being registered.
10.1 1993 Stock Option Plan, together with Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement and Nonqualified Stock
Option Agreement.(1)
10.2 Promissory Note Payable from the Company to Lon E. Bell dated September 9, 1996.*
II-1
EXHIBIT
NUMBER DESCRIPTION
- --------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10.3 Form of Underwriter's Unit Purchase Option*
10.4 Stock Option Agreement, effective March 31, 1993, between Lon E. Bell and Joshua Newman.(1)
10.5 Stock Option Agreement, effective August 9, 1995, between Lon E. Bell and R. John Hamman, Jr.*
10.6.1 Stock Option Agreement ("Bell Stock Option Agreement"), effective May 13, 1993, between Lon E. Bell and
Roy A. Anderson.*
10.6.2 List of omitted Bell Stock Option Agreements with Company directors.*
10.7.1 Standard Sublease (the "Monrovia Lease"), dated February 14, 1994, between the Company and
Environmental Systems Group of Joy Technologies, Inc. ("Joy") (formerly Joy Manufacturing Company)
for facilities located in Monrovia, California.(2)
10.7.2 Letter dated February 7, 1996 from the Company to Joy extending the term of the Monrovia Lease to
February 14, 1997.*
10.7.3 Letter dated December 3, 1996 from the Company to McDermott, Inc., successor to Joy, extending the term
of the Monrovia Lease to July 31, 1997.*
10.8 Form of Indemnity Agreement between the Company and each of its officers and directors.(1)
10.9 Product Adaptation and Supply Contract, dated as of November 25, 1994, by and between the Company and a
party the identity of which is the subject of a request by the Company for confidential treatment.*
**
10.10 Settlement and License Agreement, dated as of May 10, 1996, by and between the Company, Audio
Navigation Systems, LLC, Alcom Engineering Corporation and Audio Navigation Systems, Inc., together
with Addendum thereto dated June 12, 1996.*
10.11 License Agreement, dated as of January 20, 1994, by and between the Company and the Regents of the
University of California, together with a letter from the Regents to the Company dated September 19,
1996 relating thereto.* **
10.12 Option and License Agreement dated as of November 2, 1992 between the Company and Feher Design, Inc.(1)
10.13 License Agreement, dated as of October 19, 1993, by and between the Company and Lernout & Hauspie
Speech Products, N.V., as amended.*
10.14 License Agreement, dated as of March 15, 1995, by and between the Company and Navigation Technologies
Corporation.*
10.15 Shareholders Agreement, dated May 13, 1993, by and among the Company and the shareholders named
therein.(1)
10.16 Running Chassis Program Management Agreement between the Company and CALSTART dated September 8,
1993.(2)
10.17 Thermoelectric Air Conditioning System Program Contract between the Company and the South Coast Air
Quality Management District dated May 4, 1995.(3)
10.18 Thermoelectric Heating and Cooling for Electric Vehicles Program Contract between the Company and the
State of California (Energy Resources and Development Commission) dated May 12, 1994.(3)
10.19 Agreement for the Multi-Year Electric Vehicle Running Chassis Program between the Company and CALSTART
dated May 31, 1994.(3)
10.20 Modification No. 001 of Participation Agreement between the Company and CALSTART, dated October 9,
1995.(4)
10.21 Agreement for the Development of an Agile Assembly Line For the Production of Electric Vehicles and
Components between the Company and CALSTART, Inc., dated November 9, 1995.(4)
II-2
EXHIBIT
NUMBER DESCRIPTION
- --------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10.22.1 Security and Loan Agreement, dated November 20, 1995, between the Company and Imperial Bank (the
"Imperial Bank Agreement").(5)
10.22.2 First Amendment to Security and Loan Agreement and Addendum, Exhibit "A" Thereto, effective as of
November 30, 1996.
10.22.3 Credit Terms and Conditions, dated November 20, 1995, relating to the Imperial Bank Agreement.(5)
10.22.4 Modification to Security and Loan Agreement, effective as of June 26, 1996, entered into between the
Company and Imperial Bank.*
10.22.5 Letter from Imperial Bank to the Company dated December 4, 1996 extending the term of the Company's
credit line under the Imperial Bank Agreement until December 31, 1996.*
10.24 Stock Purchase Agreement and Registration Rights Agreement between the Company and Fidelity Copernicus
Fund, L.P. and Fidelity Galileo Fund, L.P., dated December 29, 1995.(6)
10.25 Stock Purchase Agreement and Registration Rights Agreement between the Company and HBI Financial Inc.,
dated December 29, 1995.(6)
10.26 Amerigon Client Contract, dated April 1, 1996, between the Company and Technology Strategies &
Alliances.*
10.27 Agreement, dated as of June 1, 1996, by and between the Company and the International Association of
Machinists and Aerospace Workers, District Lodge 725.*
21.1 List of Subsidiaries*
23.1 Consent of Price Waterhouse LLP
23.2 Consent of O'Melveny & Myers LLP (contained in Exhibit 5.1)
24.1 Power of Attorney*
- ------------------------
* Previously filed.
** Confidential treatment has been requested for a portion of this Exhibit.
(1) Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company's Registration Statement on
Form SB-2, File No. 33-61702-LA, and incorporated by reference.
(2) Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-KSB
for the fiscal year ending December 31, 1993 and incorporated by reference.
(3) Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-KSB
for the fiscal year ending December 31, 1994 and incorporated by reference.
(4) Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K
for the fiscal year ending December 31, 1995 and incorporated by reference.
(5) Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K
filed December 21, 1995 and incorporated by reference.
(6) Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K
filed January 5, 1996 and incorporated by reference.
ITEM 17. UNDERTAKINGS
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act
of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the
registrant pursuant to its Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws and the
California General Corporations Law, or otherwise, the registrant has been
advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such
indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is,
therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against
such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred
or paid by a director, officer
II-3
or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action,
suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person
in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless
in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling
precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question of whether
such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and
will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that:
(1) For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act
of 1933, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part
of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a
form of prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4)
or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this
registration statement as of the time it was declared effective.
(2) For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities
Act of 1933, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of
prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to
the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that
time shall be deemed to be the initial BONA FIDE offering thereof.
II-4
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant
certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all the
requirements for filing on Form S-2 and has duly caused this Amendment No. 1 to
registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto
duly authorized, in the City of Monrovia, State of California, on January 15,
1997.
AMERIGON INCORPORATED
By: /s/ LON E. BELL
-----------------------------------------
Lon E. Bell, Ph.D.
PRESIDENT, CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
AND CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this
registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the
capacities and on the dates indicated.
SIGNATURE CAPACITY DATE
- ------------------------------ -------------------------- -------------------
President, Chief Executive
/s/ LON E. BELL Officer and Chairman of
- ------------------------------ the Board (Principal January 15, 1997
Lon E. Bell Executive Officer)
Vice President of
* Corporate Development
- ------------------------------ and Planning, Secretary January 15, 1997
Joshua M. Newman and Director
Vice President of Finance
* and Chief Financial
- ------------------------------ Officer (Principal January 15, 1997
R. John Hamman, Jr. Financial and Accounting
Officer)
*
- ------------------------------ Director January 15, 1997
Roy A. Anderson
*
- ------------------------------ Director January 15, 1997
Roger E. Batzel
*
- ------------------------------ Director January 15, 1997
John W. Clark
II-5
SIGNATURE CAPACITY DATE
- ------------------------------ -------------------------- -------------------
*
- ------------------------------ Director January 15, 1997
A. Stephens Hutchcraft, Jr.
*
- ------------------------------ Director January 15, 1997
Michael R. Peevey
*
- ------------------------------ Director January 15, 1997
Norman R. Prouty, Jr.
*By: /s/ LON E. BELL
-------------------------
Lon E. Bell, Ph.D.
ATTORNEY-IN-FACT
II-6
Exhibit 5.1
January
15th
-------
1 9 9 7
020,727-002
Amerigon Incorporated
404 East Huntington Drive
Monrovia, California 91016-3600
Gentlemen:
At your request, we have examined the Registration Statement (No.
333-17401) on Form S-2 (the "Registration Statement") filed by Amerigon
Incorporated, a California corporation (the "Company"), with the Securities
and Exchange Commission in connection with the registration under the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended, of up to 17,250 of the Company's units,
each unit consisting of 280 shares of the Company's Class A Common Stock, no
par value per share (the "Shares"), and an equal number of Class A Warrants to
purchase Class A Common Stock (the "Warrants"). We have also examined the
forms, as filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement, of the
Underwriting Agreement (the "Underwriting Agreement") by and between the
Company and D.H. Blair Investment Banking Corp. (the "Underwriter") and the
Warrant Agreement (the "Warrant Agreement") by and among the Company, the
Underwriter and U.S. Stock Transfer Corporation, as Warrant Agent. We are
familiar with the proceedings heretofore taken and proposed to be taken by
the Company in connection with the authorization, registration, issuance and
sale of the Shares and the Warrants.
Subject to the proposed additional proceedings being taken as now
contemplated by us as your counsel, and as
Page 2 - Amerigon Incorporated - January 15, 1997
contemplated by the Registration Statement prior to the issuance and sale of the
Shares and as contemplated by the Registration Statement and by the form of
Warrant Agreement prior to the issuance and sale of the Warrants, and to the
execution and delivery of the Warrants and the Warrant Agreement in the forms
examined by us, it is our opinion that:
1. Upon payment for the Shares and the issuance and delivery thereof
in accordance with the Underwriting Agreement and in the manner referred to in
the Registration Statement, and the countersigning of the certificate or
certificates representing the Shares by a duly authorized signatory of the
registrar for the Company's Class A Common Stock, the Shares will be validly
issued, fully paid and non-assessable.
2. Upon payment for the Warrants and the issuance, execution and
delivery thereof in accordance with the Underwriting Agreement and in the manner
referred to in the Registration Statement, the Warrants will constitute legally
valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in
accordance with their terms, except as may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency,
reorganization, moratorium or similar laws relating to or affecting creditors'
rights generally (including, without limitation, fraudulent conveyance laws) and
by general principles of equity, including, without limitation, concepts of
materiality, reasonableness, good faith and fair dealing and the possible
unavailability of specific performance or injunctive relief, regardless of
whether considered in a proceeding in equity or at law.
3. Upon payment of the exercise price for the shares of Class A
Common Stock to be issued upon exercise of the Warrants and the issuance and
delivery thereof in accordance with the Warrants and the Warrant Agreement, and
the countersigning of the certificate or certificates representing such shares
by a duly authorized signatory of the registrar for the Company's Class A Common
Stock, such shares will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.
We consent to the use of this opinion as an exhibit to the
Registration Statement.
Respectfully submitted,
/s/ O'MELVENY & MEYERS LLP
FIRST AMENDMENT TO SECURITY AND LOAN AGREEMENT
AND ADDENDUM, EXHIBIT "A," THERETO
This First Amendment ("Amendment") amends that certain Security and Loan
Agreement dated November 20, 1995, by and between Imperial Bank ("Bank") and
Amerigon Incorporated ("Borrower") and the Addendum, Exhibit "A," (the
"Addendum") thereto, of even date, as previously modified (collectively herein
the Security and Loan Agreement and the Addendum are referred to as the
"Agreement") as follows:
1. The figure "$4,000,000" is deleted from Paragraph 1 of the Security and
Loan Agreement and the figure "$1,186,624" substituted therefor.
2. The maturity date contained Paragraph 1 of the Addendum, as previously
modified and extended is hereby amended to read "December 31, 1996".
3. Except as provided above, the Agreement remains unchanged.
4. This Amendment is effective as of November 30, 1996, and the parties hereby
confirm that the Agreement as amended is in full force and effect.
AMERIGON INCORPORATED
"BORROWER"
BY: /s/ Lon E. Bell, Ph.D.
--------------------------------
TITLE: PRESIDENT
-----------------------------
IMPERIAL BANK
"BANK"
BY: /s/ Valerie Brosset
--------------------------------
TITLE: Commercial Loan Officer
-----------------------------
EXHIBIT 23.1
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
We hereby consent to the use in the Prospectus constituting part of this
Registration Statement on Form S-2 of our report dated February 26, 1996, except
as to Note 14 which is as of December 4, 1996, relating to the financial
statements of Amerigon Incorporated, which appears in such Prospectus. We also
consent to the application of such report to the Financial Statement Schedule
for the three years ended December 31, 1995 listed under Item 14(a) of Amerigon
Incorporated's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1995
when such schedule is read in connection with the financial statements referred
to in our report. The audits referred to in such report also included this
Financial Statement Schedule. We also consent to the reference to us under the
heading "Experts" in such Prospectus.
/s/ Price Waterhouse LLP
PRICE WATERHOUSE LLP
Costa Mesa, California
January 10, 1997